Prevalence Of Musculoskeletal Disorder Health And Social Care Essay

Prevalence Of musculoskeletal Disorder Health And Social C be set aboutmusculoskeletal disorders, similarly called repetitive motion disorder, are injuries of the muscles, tendons, ligaments, joints, cartil mount, nerves, and spinal discs. It could soften to occupation injury because of repetitive movement, forceful exertion, poor mock up, and other factors. patronise upset is iodin of musculoskeletal disorders most comm only when go through radiographers or x-ray technicians. This is attributed to poor posture and wrong movements that radiographers used to do during their broad throwing hours (1)One common wrong movement practiced by radiographers is carrying cassettes on the hip, which puts load on one side of body and imparts torsional twist on the spinal muscles. Other wrong movements include lifting patient by one radiographer with arms and legs in straight position, and bending from their waist with straight legs to retrieve an object from the floor (1-3). To turn away linchpin trouble oneself among the radiographers, at that place must be safety rules and principles to fol diminished during pees hours.Literature roundSeveral studies aimed to investigate the relationship betwixt musculoskeletal disorders and occupational therapy among radiographers. all(a) showed similar result indicating that the most common nuisance among radiographers was low hind end put out (4-9).Back cark among radiographersAn initial reputation of masking down pain was done by D. Wright and P. Witt (1993) to indicate any incidence of certify pain, harbor demographic data, and discover preferences for performing radiography tasks. Randomly, 226 radiographers were chosen but only 18 male and 92 female radiographers accept to actively participate. some of them worked in general diagnostic areas and were divided into two convocation. The first separate consisted of participants with back pain from both genders. The male immoral age was 40.08, pixilated teetotum 68.3 inches, average of weight 181 pounds, and average of back pain devotion 2.4 on 10 point scales. The female think age36.79, mean upside 64.5 inches, average of weight 146 pounds and average of back pain devotion 3.5 on 10 point scales. Both males and females with back pain describe 6.85 of work related stress. The second group was without back pain. The male mean age was 43, mean height 69.8 inches, and average of weight 171 pounds. The female mean age37.56, mean height 64.8 inches, and average of weight 142 pounds. Their mean age was 43 for males and 37.56 for females. shaft of the study was through the use of a survey with eight create verbally pages and demographic information related to age, height, weight, area of specialization, work related stress, intensity and anatomical distribution of back pain. It was distributed to the volunteer to store up descriptive oftenness data on back pain and their methods to perform 10 tasks. some of these tasks were pit iable over head tube, carrying multiple cassettes and transferring horizontal patient. It was found that at that place was no significant age, height, weight related links for back pain. It was also found that the methods to perform the tasks was not related to back pain. The study suggested that perennial poor posture, back strain, and faulty body mechanics may pass by to back pain. However due to small sample size and ego selected survey the study had limitations (4).Risk factors and musculoskeletal complaints in roentgenogram technologists some other study was done by E. Bos, et al (2007) to deposit preponderance grade of musculoskeletal complaints of neck, shoulder and low back and perceived exposure to find factors. Non-specialized nurses, Intensive Care Unit (ICU) nurses, operation room nurses, and x-ray technologists (n= 3169), worked in 8 different hospitals, were include in the study.A Dutch Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, which is a standardized questionnaire, partly derived from the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, was presumptuousness to the dependents to collect personal information and demographic information such as height, weight, function, having managerial task, working hours, and work in early(prenominal) and lifestyle. Moreover, musculoskeletal complaints, musculoskeletal workload, health, task, and psychosocial working conditions items were included. The final results clearly showed that x-ray technologists and nurses reported low back complaints (5).Musculoskeletal complaints among x-ray technologistsA cross-sectional study was done by A. Lorusso, S. Bruno, and N. Labbate (2007) included two hundred and fourteen x-ray technologists working in 13 different hospital in Italy. The volunteers were given a egotism administered questionnaire to collect information on individual characteristics and compliance of musculoskeletal pain. They were asked if they had get up patients, transferred lead apron wearing, and baseball mittl ed cassettes. A Standardized Nordic Questionnaire was used in order to evaluate musculoskeletal complaints in neck, shoulder, low back, happen/wrist, and legs during the past 12 months.The mean age was 48.5 years for men and 42.8 years for women. l six of them were smokers, and 119 had a regular exercise program. The result reported low back pain asthe most commonly symptom followed by shoulder and neck pain (6).Musculoskeletal complaints among x-ray technology studentsLorusso, L, et al (2010) aimed in their study to estimate the prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints among a group of x-ray technology students. The subjects consisted of 60 male students and 49 female students (n=109). Their mean age was 21.1years and of their body mass index (BMI) was twenty three.The students were given a questionnaire that had been used in a musculoskeletal survey among X-ray technologists. It collected information on individual characteristics such asgender, age, height/weight, smoking status , and leisure time animal(prenominal) activities. Information about physical exposure during training and complaint about the presence of musculoskeletal pain were also collected. The participants were also asked if they had lifted patients, transferred or positioned portable equipment handling, lead apron wearing and cassettes. A Standardized Nordic Questionnaire was used to evaluate musculoskeletal complaints in specific body regions such as neck, shoulder, low back, hand and wrist and legs. The result showed that low back pain (LBP) was the most reported symptoms followed by neck and shoulder pain (7).Musculoskeletal disorders among radiographers in capital of KuwaitSheikha Al-Kindari, el al (2008) investigated musculoskeletal disorder among radiographers in Kuwait. selective information were collected by questionnaire from 147 radiographers who were working in different governmental hospitals. The questionnaire included 6 different parts, including demographic data, education a nd the current job, physical essay factor related with the regular work, psychological risk factor related with the regular work, general health status, and exist of any musculoskeletal hassle in body. Musculoskeletal disorder on neck and lower back regions was the highest percentage because of standing for a long time, moving different equipments, lifting, caring, move and pulling loads (8).Work-related musculoskeletal disorders among radiographersFinally, Kao, et al (2009) checked the relationship between musculoskeletal disorder and work related risk factor in radiography department. The subjects were 107 from radiography department. The majority worked at the department less than 5 years and were divided in different sections such as charismatic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Computed Tomography (CT), X-ray, Ultrasound (US), and other. A questionnaire, which contained questions on work characteristics, work description, posture during long period, and body pain, was completed by th e subjects. A modified body map also was used to indicate areas of experienced pain. It was categorized to upper back pain, upper limb pain, lower back pain, and lower limb pain. The participants were asked if their pain was related to their work, and were included to the study if in that respect had answered with partially or fully related. Ninety seven subjects continued in the study spell 7 refused and 3 pregnant women were excluded. The result of this study was a high percentage on low back pain and upper limb pain. The association between low back pain and working in CT was also significant because of heavy workload such as heavy lifting, twisting, and bending. The study limitations included small subject size, self reporting for measurement of outcomes limited, and estimations were some of limitations of this study (9).Biomechanical principlesAccording to anterior studies (3-4), musculoskeletal complaints among radiographers is caused by wrong movements such as repeated bac k strain, poor posture, and faulty body mechanics. To avoid the musculoskeletal pain, biomechanical principles must befollowed. These principles includeKeeping a load cassettes and tube close to nerve circle round of gravity (COG)Carrying the cassette vertically against chest rather than carrying it onthe hip to avoid the load on one side of the body and imparts torsional strain on the spinal muscles.Lowering the tube to waist height before moving it horizontally toavoid back strain.Using legs muscles rather than paraspinal musclesPushing spry unit rather than pulling it.Transferring horizontal patient with assistance from 2 peoplewith apart feet and straight legs.Bending knee, slightly bending back forward to pick up objectsform floor.Avoiding twisting the back while loading paraspinal muscles whenmoving Bucky tray, moving supplies, moving equipment throughdoorways, working with wheelchair patients, and placing a cassettebehind a bed redden patient.Using both hand to move the Bu cky tray.ConclusionMusculoskeletal disorders are injuries of the muscles, tendons, ligaments, joints,cartilage, nerves, and spinal discs. Back pain is the most common musculoskeletaldisorder among radiographers due to poor posture and wrong movements such ascarrying cassettes on hip, lifting patient by one radiographer, and bending from theirwaist to retrieve an object from the floor. Several studies were done aimed to determinethe prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints among the x-ray technologists. The resultsconfirmed that 72% and 77% prevalence of low back pain on an individual basis among male andfemale radiographers, respectively (10-11). Biomechanical principles such as keeping a loadclose to center of gravity, using legs muscles, avoiding twisting back, and using bothhand to move the Bucky tray, are recommended in order to avoid musculoskeletal pain inradiographers.