Belonging: Romulus My Father and Becoming Jane Related Text

Fundamental to perceptions of belonging is the recognition of its complex nature encompassing both belonging and its antithetical concept of isolation. This duality, manifested in the relationship between an individual and the people and environment they are exposed to is paramount in the development of ones identity and therefore the definition of the institutions to which they may belong. The fragility and labyrinthine nature of belonging is explored in Raimond Gaita’s Romulus, My Father through the contrasting characters of the narrator and his titular father in their experiences to assimilate to Australian culture and society.Contrasting, Julian Jarrold’s biographical drama ‘Becoming Jane’ illustrates the influences of society on the development of an individual’s character, and further, the will of individuals to both challenge and conform to society in order to achieve a sense of belonging. Through its inherent duality, the complex notion of be longing and isolation is defined by an interaction between an individual and their surrounds. The contrasting notions of belonging and isolation are explored in Gaita’s memoir through the conflicting experiences of the narrator and his alienated father.Illustrated through the harsh and influential environment he was exposed to in his youth, Romulus’ character, personality and morals were formed in unique circumstances, something that would later alienate him from other more conventional societies. Culturally and socially isolated in Australia, â€Å"a landscape of rare beauty, to a European eye†¦ seemed desolate† leading to Romulus attempts to replicate European society in rural Australia. The acknowledgment of this isolation by the narrator that â€Å"my father could not become reconciled to it† provides an understanding as to the difficulties Romulus’ past experiences had provided him with.Through the development of a morale code no individu al, even himself could fulfil and expectations of others he realised were too high as shown through his forgiving attitude, Romulus’ â€Å"character† as his â€Å"central moral concept† was evidently flawed in judging others. Contrasting, Raimond’s appreciative attitude towards Australia and lack of previous cultural influence allows his to gain his identity based purely on Australian ideals and values. Contrasting however, Romulus’ wife Christine, raised in a similar environment to her husband, becomes the narrator’s conception of isolation s her personality, identity and value systems are not adaptable to an Australian setting. Additionally, Romulus, My Father demonstrates the significance of relationships to achieve a sense of belonging. The conformation of identity achieved through the filial bond between narrator and his father permits Raimond to gain insight into his heritage and therefore develop his identity whilst allowing Romulus t o confirm his identity and reside in an aspect of society.Illustrated through the abandoning of his youthful innocence, adoption of his fathers responsibility and philosophical nature and growing comprehension of Romulus’ struggle to belong, Raimond’s experience at the time of his fathers mental deterioration is symbolic of his growing maturity and the significance of relationships in the attaining of identity. Further, through the use of first person narration and the memoir text type, the narrator effectively reflects on the personal nature of belonging in which Romulus resides.Illustrated through the significance of Hora on this filial interdependence, Gaita reflects on the impact of secondary characters on relationships through the imperative middle ground between the strict moral expectations of Romulus and the youthful naivety of Raimond that Hora creates. Consequently examined through his rationale to Romulus’ dilemmas including that of the shaving blade, the â€Å"example† of Hora’s friendship with Romulus acted as a significant influence in Raimond’s development allowing him to embrace the cultural values of â€Å"honesty, loyalty, courage and charity† advocated by both men.However, despite similar experiences between the maternally neglectful and alienated Christine and Romulus, by the conclusion of the novel, the eulogy to Romulus by Raimond reflecting on his â€Å"unhesitating acceptance†, â€Å"common humanity† and furthermore the recognition of this by members of the society, portrays that Romulus was accepted in a manner suitable for a migrant in the contextual climate. Contrasting to Gaita’s Romulus, My Father, Julian Jarrold’s biographical drama Becoming Jane is concerned with an individual’s ability to redefine themselves in order to belong to a variable society.Through the societal and cultural relationship between Jane Austen and her patriarchal English soci ety, a sense of belonging is preceded by an extensive experience of isolation. Illustrated by her original discontent at the ideals portrayed by her Georgian England society or marriage and suppression of individuality, Austen’s feministic, professional and somewhat modern and radical perceptions of love and sexual equality are means by which she attempts to adapt to incorporate her desires.The acceptable notion that â€Å"affection is desirable, money is absolutely indispensable,† reflected by traditional characters of society further enphisises the female position in society and the limited institutions to which they were permitted to belong. Accentuated through Lady Gresham’s enquiring as to if â€Å"anything can be done† about Austen’s literary ambitions, Jane’s isolation from a society, which fails to cater for her needs, is expressed through a disapproval of her actions from traditionalist members of Georgian England.Further demonstrat ion of the significance of societal influences on the concept of belonging occurs in the final scene of the film when, whilst dressed in pure white, Austen offers to read her novel to a crowd of young girls, hence, alluding to the cyclical nature of society in which constant development and compromising of culture is caused by a constant incorporation of individual desires into a set social construct. Furthermore, Becoming Jane illustrates the significance of relationships in developing and maintaining identity.Outlined by her original devotion to family, Jane’s discontent in society is a result of her changing opinions, as experiences in the relationships to which she is exposed, create a feeling of angst and dissatisfaction within the character. As relationships around her diminish as conveyed through emotional writing scenes, Jane seeks comfort in relationships absent from her original moral formation represented by her family and Lady Gresham.Illustrated through Jane†™s new relationship with Tom Lefroy, Austen is able to confirm and strengthen her desire to adapt the society in which she lives. Lefroy’s character’s, originally black costuming gradually becomes lighter as the responder recognizes his eventual encouragement for Austen’s desires. Foremost however, is Jane’s decision to abandon love at the end of the film as protest to the restricting nature of her society. â€Å"The good do not always come to good ends. It is a truth universally acknowledged. Jane Austen As her desirable relationship becomes impossible due to societal expectations and formalities, Jane rejects all subsequent offers for marriage, as her values, much like Romulus’, are unchanged despite societies attempts to conform them. Through this, the interaction between relationships and socially accepted relationships is explored in a manner that both alienates and accepts. The complex notion of belonging and isolation is created through a n interaction between society, culture and relationships.Through Gaita’s memoir addressing the impact of society and culture on individuals and their attempts to identify themselves through relationships, Jarrold’s contrasting film Becoming Jane addresses the more radical concept of belonging where an individual attempts to conform a society to their own needs and desires as opposed to adjusting their own character to meet societal expectations. Through the contrasting notions and concepts of belonging, this multi-faceted notion is addressed through many varied perspectives reflected through relationship, cultural and societal significance to individuals in their respective societies.

Alcohol Abuse Essay

†¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Alcohol is a drink containing ethanol It is a lipid that is highly water soluble A psychoactive drug that has a depressant effect. Distribution: Ethanol is distributed equally in all body tissue according to water content. †¢ Metabolism: A healthy body can metabolize 15ml of alcohol/hour †¢ Alcohol is metabolized by the liver but 10% is excreted unchanged in the breath, sweat and the urine Metabolism of alcohol Alcohol Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Acetaldehyde (Toxic) Alcohol Dehydrogenase H2 and Acetic Acid (Nontoxic) Alcohol Abuse †¢ A psychiatric diagnosis describing the recurring use of alcoholic beverages despite its negative consequences. †¢ Also termed as â€Å"Alcoholism† †¢ Pattern of drinking that results in harm to one’s health, interpersonal relationships, or ability to work. Cause of Alcohol Abuse †¢ There is no known cause for alcohol abuse. †¢ The reason for alcohol abuse is complex. †¢ A. Psychodynamic Theory †¢ Attitudes and behaviors of the client †¢ Problems †¢ Stress, anxiety, depression †¢ Peer pressure. †¢ B. Biologic Theory †¢ G.enetic predisposition of the client MANIFESTATIONS OF alcohol abuse †¢ Continue to drink, even when health, work, or family are being harmed †¢ Are not able to control drinking — being unable to stop or reduce alcohol intake †¢ Miss work or school, or have a decrease in performance because of drinking †¢ Need to use alcohol on most days to get through the day. Manifestations of alcohol abuse †¢ Do not care about or ignore how they dress or whether they are clean †¢ Try to hide alcohol use †¢ Shake in the morning or after periods when they have not a drink †¢ Poor judgment †¢ Irritable. Complications of alcohol abuse †¢ Elevated liver function test †¢ Alcoholic Hallucinosis †¢ Withdrawal symptoms such as: x Tremors x Sweating x Palpitations x Agitation †¢ Delirium tremens †¢ Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome †¢ Peripheral Neuritis †¢ Gastric ulcers Treatment for ALCOHOL ABUSE †¢ Abstinence from alcohol †¢ Medication treatment such as: †¢ Long-acting Benzodiazepams: tx of alcohol withdrawal †¢ Chlorhexidine (Librium) †¢ Diazepam (Valium) †¢ Lorazepam (Ativan) †¢ Disulfiram (Antabuse) †¢ Naltrexone (ReVia) †¢ Subject to a rehabilitation facility. Nursing Management †¢ Teach the patient the effects of chemical abuse on the body. †¢ In communicating with the patient be in a matter-of-fact and respectful manner. †¢ Maintain a positive, supportive environment. †¢ Build a therapeutic rapport with the patient by providing relief from his or her symptoms and meeting physiologic and safety needs. †¢ Present reality without challenging or escalating the patient’s anxiety and thought disturbances. †¢ Remain objective to the patient and the family. †¢ Closely monitor your patient during your shift to identify subtle changes and intervene appropriately. †¢ Assess mental status and sleep pattern, and provide emotional support to reduce anxiety.

Good morning Doctor Bert – Creative Writing

Good morning Doctor Bert, how are you? Very good and yes I'm fine thank you. Now then students, this is doctor Bert one of the leading surgeons at saint heart hospital. Today we will be operating on a young male named dusanmandick from Austria. He took an overdose of cocaine and we have to take the remainder out of his stomach before it is absorbed in to the blood stream. Would any one like to volunteer to start making the first incision? No David you can't, you're a porter, for god sake all you do is push beds around all day. Right as no one is putting there hands up I suppose you can do it Carla. Right then put the knife in then, yes very good keep going, right now stop. Suction, no Carla don't suck on the stomach I mean get the machine to suck the blood out of the way. Now we have cleaned that up I want you to start cutting in to the stomach. Marvellous there we go can you see the white powder, success now Carla grab the swabs and start to dab the powder we should be able to save this guys life now. Wait there, his blood pressure is dropping, get a crash team immediately down here, Carla stand back, charging up to 230, stand clear. Still no response, charging to 270, stand clear. Still nothing. Ok Carla start CPR. Stop! There's a beat, right let's get back to this operation. Doctor Bert, doctor Bert wake up, thank you now help Carla out and start stitching back up the stomach. No we can not make your initials the scar. Harry your suppose to be observing not reading the kerrang magazine. I've had enough, Doctor Bert can you please take over. Where did you say he was Harry? He's gone to order a pizza, has this whole world gone insane? To start of with Carla started sucking on the lad's stomach she asked if we could turn the scar in to her initials, and now doctor Bert the person who should be helping me out has gone to order a flipping pizza. GOD ALMIGHTY HELP ME PLEASE? Say that again, your ring fell of your finger and is still in the lad's stomach why didn't you say now we need to open him back up and pull the ring out you stupid girl it would have been so much easier if you said. 56+ Right then Carla he's all yours open him up yes keep going right now get the ring out quickly before we have to start resuscitating him again. Carla get of your phone. Thank you now carry on, there it is grab it now for the final time Carla would you like to do the job of stitching up. Great, don't just look at me get on and do it. Well done team after that sketchy operation we have finally got him back stable with the cocaine out of his stomach, I'm pretty sure no white powder will be entering his nose for a while. Welcome back dusanmandick, no I do not sell cocaine this is a respected hospital not a night club if we find out you have been taking any more crack cocaine there will be no more operations or treatment on the NHS for you. You will have to go private and pay for it yourself.

Chronic Illness and Palliative Care. Master Nursing Essay

Chronic Illness and Palliative Care. Master Nursing - Essay Example The discussion in this paper will be based on the principles of care of a patient with a chronic illness which is asthma in attempts to explore three main concepts, living with asthma and patients quality of life; the client's empowerment through self-management care and the continuity of care in a multidisciplinary team approach with a palliative care setting. According to the definition provided by the World Health Organization (1990), "Palliative care is the active total care of patients whose disease is not responsive to curative treatment. Control of pain or other symptoms and psychological, social and spiritual problems in this context are of paramount importance" (pp. 804). Regarding shared values and ethics in palliative care, ethike is a Greek word from which the word ethics is derived. Ethos is a value which one has and consistently applies to one's life. Within the palliative care setting, there are three aspects of patient care that need special attention: the realms of t he palliative care patient; the realm of the palliative care nurse; and the realm of the palliative care team. ... Scott was diagnosed with asthma at age of six years. There are some factors such as dairy products; shellfish; electrical storms and dairy dust that trigger his asthma attacks. Scott is married, but his wife left him three months ago and his condition gets worse and the house does not have the same standard as before. In his effort to find alleviation of the symptoms of asthma, Scott attends his 45 to 49 year old health assessment for the first time. The Patient's Diagnosis Scott was diagnosed with asthma at age of six years. His asthma is a chronic condition. Recently, Scott is complaining of bad asthma attack which stopped him to attend his work as usual. Additionally, Scott has psoriasis and the history of having it is unknown. However, the nurse practitioner should conduct a thorough health assessment in order to gain furthers details about the diagnosis of both disease, treatment, and the way of self management that is followed by Scott in order to control over his condition. Me asuring the severity level of asthma is determined by the physician by asking the client to have a lung function test (LFT), which a breathing test that identify whether the person is having asthma and its severity. Another test that can be done easily by the patient is spirometry, which is an instrument that is considered to be the most accurate test to determine asthma (Department of Health and Aging, 2010b). Living With Asthma Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways and lung. It is characterized by wheezing, coughing, chest tightness and shortness of breath. There are some of the risk factors that contribute to trigger asthma attack such as colds and flu, air

Market Development and the Importance of Economic Development to Essay

Market Development and the Importance of Economic Development to Marketers - Essay Example An Outline of the Stages of Market Development Which a Country Passes In The Process Of Developing Its Market of a Product or Service An outline of the stages of market development that each developing country passes through include; an invention of an apt idea, selecting of the appropriate ideas to apply, building up a preferred idea and verifying its viability, evaluation of the business, Beta testing and market testing, scientific execution, commercialization and new product value (Levitt, 2006, 25). An Explanation of the Stages of the Market Development Which a Country Can Go Through Invention of Suitable Idea Invention of suitable is the first stage in setting up or developing new markets. Organizations have adopted for stage process when operating in the small market. This is made possible because undivided attention is a lad on the customer’s need. A developing country has to monitor the types of ideas it initiates into its daily operation through monitoring and studyin g of consumer needs. Good inventions of ideas lead to quick achievements of the objectives of a firm or an organization. Suitable ideas will determine the marketing policies applied by nations in building new markets (Levitt, 2006, 59). Selection of the Appropriate Ideas to Apply This is the step in which potential ideas are separated from bad ideas. Not all initiatives are inimical; as a result, screening of ideas is done to lead to a positive growth of the organization. A developing nation has its processes passed through appropriate screening and promising ideas put in place for the country to grow positively. The ideas selected should follow the principle of AIDA (Awareness, Interest, Desire and Actions). The principle helps an entity to discern what it requires from a targeted market (Levitt, 2006, 71). Building and Verifying the Viability of a Preferred Idea This is the stage where the best results are taken for implementation into other products that can compete globally to t he other markets, and the proposed are tested. Developing nations passes through this stage since all the process and procedures that they apply in their operation are verified for viability. Evaluation of the Business Evaluation of the business involves a thorough evaluation of the souk like the market size in a particular environment. Evaluation of advertising strategy is a core aspect in the expansion of stable market for a country. Most countries have espoused business evaluation in their system to lessen the process they take in market expansion. Evaluation of the business helps the author clarify some useful notions that may be a hindrance in developing a new market. Beta testing and souk testing This refers to the development of model around a product to make it unique from other products. The profits ad losses accrued are used to resolve the feasibility of the merchandise. Beta testing and market testing are both processes that a country might pass through in an attempt to e xpand its market. Scientific Execution This involves implementation of new resources to improve the operations of resources within an organization. Countries wishing to expand their existing market are bound to bring in new equipments and knowledge required to lead to the growth of the market. Commercialization Commercialization involves the advertising of new products in the market. The product in most instances is unique to the market. Comme

ENEMA in Relieving Constipation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

ENEMA in Relieving Constipation - Essay Example An enema is the introduction of a solution into the rectum and sigmoid column. And is a common clinical practice by nursing to promote the evacuation of feces in patients complaining of constipation (Funnell, Koutoukidis & Lawrence, 2009). Bowers, 2008, in the evaluation of evidence on the use of phosphate enema as an intervention for constipation, points out that though phosphate enemas are routinely used in clinical practice for relieving constipation, there is no clear evidence to support the continued use of phosphate enemas. This finding stems from the limited evidence available in support of enemas, as a more effective intervention in constipation, over the other medication and treatment strategies available in the management of chronic constipation, though phosphate enemas have useful for some diagnostic bowel investigations. This lack of evidence of efficacy on enemas is further compounded by two factors, reducing the potential use of enemas as an intervention in constipation . The first factor lies in the detrimental complications in the patient that could arise from the use of enemas in the management of constipation. The second factor pertains to the need to avoid the use of phosphate enemas in patients with certain underlying conditions (Bowers, 2008). The findings of Bowers 2008, in the evaluation of phosphate enema is strongly supported by the body of knowledge on constipation and its treatment, which can be extended to the use of enemas in the interventions to alleviate constipation. Based on the history of the patient and the duration of symptoms, it is possible to differentiate constipation into occasional constipation (Johnson, 2006). Using enemas is known to interfere with normal bowel movement and enemas are not recommended in simple constipation. Enemas should not be considered as a means to alleviate constipation when there is obstruction of the bowel and the cause of the obstruction is still to be diagnosed. Additionally, enemas are not an option when the constipation is accompanied by abdominal pain, rectal fissures, and ulcerated hemorrhoids. This is because evidence shows that in all these cases enemas can lead to mechanical damage and perforation of the bowel (Lemone & Burke, 2008). Evidence points to use of enemas only in the case of significant or chronic constipation, particularly, when the constipation arises from fecal impaction. The general rule in the use of enemas is that it be employed in acute situations and that too only on short term basis. Phosphate enemas are efficient is such situations through its ability to draw fluid into the bowel and irritate the mucosa, causing evacuation of the bowel. However, repeated use of enemas is known to cause impaired bowel function and fluid and electrolyte imbalances. This is particularly true in the case of phosphate enemas and tap water enemas (Lemone & Burke, 2008). Meier & Monias, 2005, point out a further restriction in the use of phosphate en

Children Behavior Worse Than 10 Years Ago Assignment

Children Behavior Worse Than 10 Years Ago - Assignment Example Children Behavior Worse Than 10 Years Ago Here, we will talk about social behavior with special reference to children. It is obvious that nowadays a child’s behavior is worse than ten years ago. There is susceptibility that children are becoming more violent than ever before. The media shows extensive reports of children taking drugs and showing explicitly violent behavior. Where girls are indulging in premarital sex at a very early age (cause illegal abortions and increased rate of deaths). Children have less disciplined than the older times. There are many reasons for this turn down in children discipline, one of the most important and might even be the root cause of all the others is negligence and carelessness from parents’ side. Parental negligence has increased the risks of destructive factors, which have as a result damaged children’s sense of ethics, morality, and discipline. The other reasons include: Firstly, Parents are not being able to carryout their responsibilities for taking care of their children, parents criticize the importance of the family as the main source of the children’s primary socialization. Whereas the Sociologists agree that behavior can be learnt through a process called socialization (Schultz, 2012).There are two types of socialization. Primary and secondary, Primary socialization is quite different from secondary socialization, it occurs during the initial stages of development of a child. (Schultz, 2012). The child learns from his environment and surroundings in this stage. In this process child learns the kind of behavior that stimulates the approval or disapproval from the people around them that is mostly instant family unit. (Schultz, 2012). So, it is therefore important for a child to learn and adapt the right things, likely from their family members (Richardson, 2005). Unfortunately, parents are there to accomplish this important process. (Schultz, 2012). Furthermore, it is very common in U.S. that children faced the breakup of their p arents in childhood and brought up in broken families; they have passed through intense depressions and tensions of living apart from their parents (Schultz, 2012). In addition, even if parents keep their children with them, they have not heeded proper attention and guidance on them, which is very important. Secondly, Parents do not prepare their children on how to cope with the manners in which society asks and demands today. They do not teach them moral and social ethics. They leave them to learn by their own, either from the media or from internet. That is why, it is considered to be essential for â€Å"personal independence† which has become widespread in the public area. And experts emphasize that these behaviors are, to some extent, a â€Å"reflection of their own changing perspective of authority and authority figures† .Infect the way in which people have asked the motives of the people belonging to different fields e.g. lawyers, doctors, politicians has been so exceptional when compared to the way parents have done ten or some years ago . The Generation Y wishes to be taught on how to be â€Å"Generation Why?† without being discourteous (Children, n.d). Thirdly, the schools which, also play a vital role in children’ development. Parents put in their trust and give the responsibility of fostering their children, have done nothing but to increased the children’s rational insight (Schultz, 2012). Since the schools are not being able at forming the children’

Corporate Project (Coca Cola) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Corporate Project (Coca Cola) - Research Paper Example Pemberton who was more of an inventor not a businessperson sold his invention to Griggs Candler for only $2300. Candler began to instill his strategies in the company in 1891, he brought the first real vision of the company, and the Coca Cola brand (Pendergrast, 2000). Candler being a natural born’ salesperson transformed Pemberton’s invention into a business between 1893 and 1904. The fact that people were thirsty gave Candler the first innovative strategy. These first promotion strategies made people conversant with the Coca-Cola brand everywhere and in 1895, Candler expanded and relocated syrup plants in major cities (Pendergrast, 2000). The brand was becoming more popular in time thus Joseph Biedenharn, who was a businessperson from Mississippi, tried to convince Candler on the necessity of bottles but this idea did not excite Candler. He failed to anticipate that success of Coca-Cola brand would be portability. In 1899, Benjamin Thomas and Joseph Whitehead, were allowed to bottle the Coca-Cola brand by Candler. Bottled Coca Cola soda made the drink’s popularity increase rapidly. By 1905, the company was very successful and the only challenge Coca Cola faced was imitation of the drink by businesspersons who used the advantage of Coca Cola’s success to sell copycat beverages. The company thus used promotions to protect their brand by advertising reminding customers to â€Å"Demand the genuine† and â€Å"Accept no substitute† promotion. This worked but it would not stop the imitations thus the company had to invent a unique and distinctively shaped bottle that would be easier to identify thus limit imitations thus the contour bottle became Coca Cola’s brand bottle. This led to rapid increase in popularity of the drink due to the attractiveness of the bottle and the taste of the drink. This led to the company’s growth internationally (Pendergrast,

Criminal Procedures Seminar - Week 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Criminal Procedures Seminar - Week 2 - Essay Example The contact is only consensual if a citizen voluntarily stops to communicate with a law enforcer. For instance, traffic stops do not require a suspicion to justify the contact. On the other hand, a Terry stop, which is often a brief detention, lies between a consensual encounter and an arrest. Even so, it demands â€Å"reasonable articulable suspicion† of an ongoing or future criminal activity. An arrest occurs if a police stops a citizen and they are not â€Å"free to leave†. There are basic factors used to coerce a search or an arrest. A â€Å"probable cause† of arrest exists if there is hard evidence or coherent facts that signify the presence or future occurrence of a crime by the person the police stop (Law Enforcement Bulletin, 2014). A person can only be under arrest if police are aware of a crime and have substantial evidence, for instance, if they smell drugs, or see a weapon. During encounters, the searches are often appropriate, although there are times when it is inappropriate. A search is only appropriate if there is â€Å"reasonable suspicion† of a current or future occurrence of a crime. A search is appropriate if a person seems anxious or answers questions contradictorily. One is often in more trouble for telling a lie as compared to simply keeping quiet. In any case, police will inform them of their rights, such as the right to remain silent, in the process of an

Systems Analysis and Design Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Systems Analysis and Design - Assignment Example Unlike C++, which combines the syntax for structured, generic, and object-oriented programming, Java was built almost exclusively as an object-oriented language. All code is written inside a class, and everything is an object, with the exception of the intrinsic data types (ordinal and real numbers, boolean values, and characters), which are not classes for performance reasons. Java uses similar commenting methods to C++. There are three different styles of comment: a single line style marked with two slashes (//), a multiple line style opened with a slash asterisk ( ), and the Javadoc commenting style opened with a slash and two asterisks ( ). The Javadoc style of commenting allows the user to run the Javadoc executable to compile documentation for the program. Source files must be named after the public class they contain, appending the suffix .java, for example, HelloWorld.java. It must first be compiled into bytecode, using a Java compiler, producing a file named HelloWorld.class. Only then can it be executed, or launched. The java source file may only contain one public class but can contain multiple classes with less than public access and any number of public inner classes. A class that is not declared public may be stored in any .java file. The compiler will generate a class file for each class defined in the source file. The name of the class file is the name of the class, with .class appended. For class file generation, anonymous classes are treated as if their name were the concatenation of the name of their enclosing class, a $, and an integer. The keyword public denotes that a method can be called from code in other classes, or that a class may be used by classes outside the class hierarchy. The class hierarchy is related to the name of the directory in which the .java file is located. The keyword static in front of a method indicates a static method.

12 Angry Men.A Review Movie Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

12 Angry Men.A - Movie Review Example The jury does not assume him to be innocent, as the law prescribes. Even the judge drones his boredom during jury instructions. The many ethical dilemmas, values and concepts depicted in this film include: 1. Presumed innocence, ethic or myth? 2. Personal prejudice in the jury room. 3. Personal experience in the jury room. 4. Personal agenda in the jury room. 5. Interpersonal group dynamics: bullies, opinion leaders, bigots, conformists The film explores the best and worst in human behavior in the setting of the jury room amidst a literal life and death decision. This paper explores that treatment. Presumed Innocence Ethic or Myth Eleven of the jurors voted guilty in the first polling without the benefit of an evidence review. Only juror 81 voted not guilty. The anonymity of nameless jurors reduced audience prejudice, although, juror 8 wore a white suit and juror 32 wore a black suit in keeping with Hollywood symbolism. Juror 8 stood alone in his conviction, his ethic, that before se nding a defendant to the death penalty, the jury had a duty to review the case. Several of the jurors commented they thought the defendant was guilty from early in the case, indicating an early personal deliberation without listening to the defense first. Juror 23 says he cannot put his reasons into words, just thought the defendant â€Å"guilty from the word go†. (Lumet 1957) Juror 64 says he was â€Å"convinced early† (Lumet 1957) when the prosecutor established motive. Juror 75 exclaims â€Å"no one thought about it twice† (Lumet 1957) except juror 8. Clearly, these jurors did not honor their commitment to impartiality prior to deliberations. Although the defense attorney did not aggressively cross examine witnesses, most jurors felt the defense council was competent, mostly by assumption. The assumption of competency logically lead to the conclusion that if there were a defense, it would have been presented. No defense, no rebuttal, no innocence. The defense council is never on screen, a cinematic no show. The fact that the boy was accused of killing his father, a man whose position was sympathetic to many on the jury, ironically foreshadowed the juror 8 role in this drama. (Cunningham 1986) Juror 3 said his parenting skills involved â€Å"making his son a man† (Lumet 1957) until his son punched him in the jaw during an argument. Juror 8 raised his kids through love and respect. Juror 8 saw in the defendant an innocent child that never had a chance while the others only saw his superficial guilt. The movie continued through the first act with only juror 8 assuming the defendant was not guilty. The others were too emotional or prejudiced to review the facts. The first act ends with juror 8 making a leap of faith. He challenges the others to make a secret ballot and if all 11 vote guilty, he will too. The votes are counted and a 10-1 split is discovered. The older gentleman, juror 96, decided to back up juror 8 on principle; altho ugh ten jurors did not presume innocence, the young defendant would receive thoughtful deliberation from his jury. Personal Prejudice The jurors demonstrated a varying degree of prejudice, both racial and class based. As the jurors entered the jury room, several conversations revolved around the defendant and his social status. The discussion of evidence brought to light the prejudice and backstory7 of the jurors. In a more benign comment, Juror 48 avers the defendant came from the slums and slums create criminals. â€Å"Everyone knows that† (Lumet 1957). Juror 59 disagrees with this assessment, reviewing his own history and asking for sensitivity to the youth’s plight. Juror 1010 is a more vehement bigot, spewing stereotype and cursing â€Å"

Avoiding Groupthink Essay Example for Free

Avoiding Groupthink Essay The case study we are addressing this week involves how a team and Project Manager avoid Groupthink and its pitfalls. In order to understand what group think is you have to refer to Irving Janus who coined the phrase back in 1972. He related that Group Think is when a group makes a decision based on group pressure; it can lead to faulty decisions. Janus, 1972) Some of the symptoms that Irving Janus documented of group think are Illusion of invulnerability, Collective rationalization, Belief in inherent morality, Stereotyped views of out-groups, Direct pressure on dissenters, Self-censorship, Illusion of unanimity, and Self-appointed ‘mind guards’. (Janus, 1972) In our book, Making the Team: A Guide for Managers states that there are three (3) key symptoms that take root and they are Over Estimation of the Group, Closed Mindedness and Pressure towards Uniformity. These will be the 3 areas I am going to focus on. Over Estimation of the Group Now that we know what group think is we can move on to how a team and Project Manager might avoid the mistakes and downfalls of Group Think situations. (Thompson, 2008) When a team is falling into a group think methodology a Project Manager must be able to recognize the signs before any decisions are made and set in motion. If the group is making statements that start with we feel, we think, or we suspect it is a good indicator that they just don’t know or are just following along with the consensus of the group. Group think can cause problems when everyone goes with the flow especially on a wrong decision. In using group think methodology management has to weigh the pros and cons of the group’s decision from all sides. Sometimes a little more research prior to implementing a group think decisions should be done or a devil’s advocate should be assigned into the group think matrix in order to prevent team members from being led down a garden path. The one thing I have noticed when in a group think situation, the group always looks for someone to be the mouthpiece for the group, this person usually has strong leadership skills but can be short sited and very opinionated which rubs off on the group as a whole. Some team members tend to have difficulty explaining or relating what is on their mind in a group setting, they rather tell their ideas one on one because they are an introvert by nature! They would rather have the extrovert take charge and be the one who voices the opinions or decisions of the group. They tend to stay out of the lime light. Project Managers should encourage team members to bring out concerns or objections to issues that are being discussed and/or considered, he/she should not influence the team with his or her own preferences to the issue, he/she should play the devil’s advocate and guide conflict in a positive manner, the group should be allowed to be evaluated by other groups and critiqued in an unbiased manner, splitting the group into different sub groups to bring out and investigate different alternative solutions or methods that could be used, call meetings with the group to discuss and evaluate any decisions prior to instituting them and develop alternatives for each methodology prior to giving final approvals. (Thompson, 2008) A good Project Manager should keep his group focused on the project at hand, have weekly meetings to check progress of his team to ensure that discussions are being conducted that is giving the group the necessary conflict for them to evaluate potential risks and dangers involved with the decisions they are recommending. The Project Manager should make the team aware that they can bring up ideas or doubts about any issue without the fear of being ridiculed or rejected by other team members. The ultimate goal is for the Project Manager to make his team work as a team through having all members contributing their knowledge and skills in making the project a success.

Planning and development of BMW in Malaysia

Planning and development of BMW in Malaysia BMW Group is one of the worlds largest premium carmakers and BMW is also the parent of the company of BMW MINI and Rolls-Royce car brands, and, formerly, Rover. BMW headquarters in Munich, Germany. The company slogans in English are The Ultimate Driving Machine and Sheer Driving Pleasure. BMW was founded by Karl Friedrich Rapp in October 1913. Automobiles, motorcycles and financial services are three segments that operate by BMW and they manufactured the first passenger car running by hydrogen. BMW manufacturing is plant in Germany, Austria, UK, USA, Mexico, South Africa, Egypt, Brazil, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines and also Vietnam. BMWs main competitors include Acura, Alfa Romeo, Audi, Cadillac, Infiniti, Jaguar, Lexus, Mercedes-Benz and Volvo all of this are consider luxury brands of the car products. Nowadays, BMW is support by 11different types of series.( Knozolvilag, no date) According to the research, shown that there are 2 new divisions for BMW been introduce in October 1, 2007. Which are corporate and brand development will be lead by the director of corporate planning this is focus on the vital for brand management, corporate planning, and strategic implementation BMW. Second, purchasing and supplier network that headed by Dr.Herbert.Diess. The purpose are to reduce the material cost and expenses factor. (Nina Mendioli, no date) 1.2 LATEST FINANCIAL SITUATION 2010 BMW Malaysia economy continue to growth and sales up to August growing by 7.1% from 2,635 units to 2,893 units and are expected that reaching a total sales figure of 4,000 vehicles by the end of the year. So the financial overview BMW Malaysia consider in a well and positive situation. (Wemotor.com, 2010) *All in euro million *Sales: unit 2007 Net profit: 1,184 sales (automobiles): 1,551,490 cost of material: 36,638 (BMW, 2008) 2008 Net profit: 384 sales (automobiles): 1,446,055 cost of material: 34,044 (BMW, 2009) 2009 Net profit: 202 sales (automobiles): 1,231,893 cost of material: 28,300 (BMW, 2010) Overall the company performance, let see from net profit for automobile BMW from 2007 until last year 2009 are decreasing, especially around year 2008 in UK and US BMW company are hits by credit crunch (Chris Reiter, 2010); this are the reason of decreasing of net profit. But the sales for automobile are actually decreasing but not tat much are around 5 to 10% from 2007-2009. Next, for the cost of material for year 2008 to 2009 are decrease around 15 to 20%. 1.3 BMW MISSION STATEMENT BMW worldwide mission statement is: The mission statement up to the year 2020 is clearly defined: the BMW Group is the worlds leading provider of premium products and premium services for individual mobility. (BMW education program, 2001-2010) 1.4 BMW CORE VALUE AND MARKET SHARE BMW is a world tops luxury car maker so they have their own financial core value which is ULTIMATE CARE to build up and maintain the customer relationship bye offering all-sided financial and insurance service. Uniqueness through diversity Leadership Teamwork Involvement in community Mutual respect Associate growth development Taking risks Excellence through quality innovation Courteous FAir Responsive Efficient (BMW financial service,2007) 2010 of April managing director of BMW Malaysia announced: they are confident with 2010 years sales and market share and will be better than 2009 because BMW already perform very well on 2009 although economy is downturn and BMW730Li and BMW Individual 760Li is launching so this make them more confident. (Nurul, 2008) 2.0 MARKET SITUATION 2.1 SECTOR TREND In Malaysia, BMWs main competitors are Mercedes, Audi and Lexus. In 2008 have been reported that sales are rise 32% compare with 2007. First seven months of 2009, BMW Malaysia sold 2,048 units compared with 2008 is 2,133 during the same period. So on for the first quarter 2010, Malaysia sale 967 and increase 14.0%. Malaysia BMW is doing very well for the moment. (Business time, no date), (EUGENE MAHALINGAM, 1995-2010), (Horatiu, 2010) 2.2 PESTEL The external audit are contain with PESTEL which are political change, environmental effects, socio-cultural change, technology change, Economic, and also legally in Malaysia. (FRANCES and STEPHEN, 2003.) The political change effects for BMW are actually not much. Overall of the political are actually have no impacts for BMW in Malaysia. Unless if we assume that the Malaysia politic suddenly become worst and confusion like: Thailand as an example, then it will directly effect BMW as no people will buy this luxury car at the suffering time while politic in the country is not stable. Because if the politic is not stable and always demonstrate everywhere in Malaysia, Malaysian will feel very dangerous and like taking a risk driving so expensive car while the car may just sacrifice on every time. Environmental automobile companies have to show that they responsibly use the available resources and care about the environment, so that wont pollute or damage the environment. In Malaysia, people are starting to have awareness of environmental issues and many company start to do go green for their company. BMW reduced plant emissions and vehicle consumptions, which required improvements in engine technology and aerodynamics. The BMW Group has a program call EfficientDynamics are to reducing the consumption. (Anonymous, 2000-2010) The socio-cultural are all about demographic, culture and attitude. In Malaysia, nowadays the age that the new generation starting working are mostly after college or University that mean age around 22 to 23 year old. So most of the people only start working and have specific amount of saving after working. So, it will be quite a time for younger people to buy BMWs car. The occupation is very important that because of the highly cost to purchase BMWs car, so people must have a successful job and image to afford before buy the car. The genders who afford to buy BMWs car are mostly male because quite many % of female in Malaysia are housewife so impossible to consume BMWs car without income. Location where have more people buy BMWs car are citizen because the income are optimize compare with villager. Technology for BMW in Malaysia its shows that the fields of security and alternative energies, e.g. hydrogen, electricity are the part that they focus on now. It also shows that in the automobile company we need to put a lot of efforts and invest into the RD. Technology is becoming the reputation of the vehicles and automobile manufacturers employ the use of technology by adding gadgets into their motors as an example are the BMW 7 series iDrive. To increase the engineering and the quality of the models, BMW use an advance technology on it. (Anonymous, 2000-2010) Economy is first about the reducing of the car demand because of the increasing of the petrol price. Next, if the economy in Malaysia goes down this will also affect BMW indirectly because will happen unemployment. The economy goes down and many peoples loss their job and have no income so that is impossible for Malaysian to purchase BMW luxury car during economy make everyone suffering. But for this moment Malaysia are not facing this problem yet. Apart of that, the inflation is also giving effects for BMW. Legally the legal factor is all about environmental protection law, employment law, and taxation policy. It is pollution control and remediation and to protect the environment and ensure that the BMWs car is not giving any negatives impacts to the environment in common sense. The employment law also very important in which it is all about relationship between employee and employer, and is to protect the right of the employee. Example: woman law, working hours law, labour medical law and etc. Any changes of the employment law that are not fair may affect the workers and directly affect BMW organization operation. 3.0 COMPETITOR SITUATION ( BMW AND COMPETITOR SWOT ANALYSIS) 3.1 BMW SWOT ANALYSIS Strength: The product development on the core platforms keeps its various brands distinct. BMW is one of the most successful multi-national brand premium car manufacturers. It is independently owned by BMW. BMW is the only car manufacturer possessing three non-overlapping premium car brands in the portfolio. BMW always want to be the best and keep focus on RD by number of the new models the group has released over few years. Weakness: Fail to enlarge the range because of the pricing are expensive and majority of the consumer are fail to afford it. BMW Company is associated with luxury price product. Highly cost in Germany headquarter manufacturer that affect the company profitability, and BMW still have not that much manufacturer in lower cost country such as Thailand, Vietnam and etc as what we can see now many of the competitor most of their manufacture are moving to the lower cost country. To maintain the BMW cars maintenance cost is heavy. Opportunities: Based on secondary data, China is ranks as third largest market for BMW 7 series luxury limousines. Dealers expand to many countries. Huge demand for smaller car in market Globalization expand and entering into the new market. Many potential in the Asian for the BMW market. Threats: The pricing of the oil is going up higher and higher once upon the time. The price of the raw material of the car is increasing and then offset the company earning. Dropping of the dollar against the euro being threaten to undercut BMW top line and so that decrease the profitability. The government policies of exchanging rate. Quite strong competitor like: Mercedes, Audi, Lexus. 3.2Competitor SWOT analysis (Mercedes-Benz) most direct competitor Strength SUV bumper Famous brand name like BMW More than 80% of the model still on the road Mercedes car resale are still valuable Successful F1 team Mercedes have roadside assistance connection Fuel cell concept to increase range and power for earlier version Weakness Building time Pricing too premium JIT (just in time) Waiting time Opportunities Joint venture Development of the new model Professional sport sponsor Environmentally car concept Maybach design concept Threats Entrance to new market Little to no experience BMW competitor, luxury small car with cheaper price 4.0 OBJECTIVE 4.1BMW SMART objective Malaysia Specific, measurable, achieving, realistic and time-based for the objective of BMW are seek to where would we want to go. It is very specific to example: profitability objective and promotion objective. BMW clear that what specific that they want to achieve, quantify the objective, it must be achievable and also realistic for the resources like money and people to achieve the objective and when do BMW want to achieve. FINANCIAL OBJECTIVE Sales volume objective 2010: Increase to around 10% to over 1.4 million units. Full year EBIT margin: Over 5% expected for automobile. Financial service: Earning more than last year (2009). Return on equity over 18% in 2010. Sales volume objective 2012 ¼Ã… ¡five-year plan of achieving annual sales of 1.8 million vehicles. CUSTOMER AWARNESS For individual customer service: Provide premium services for individual mobility. Customer relationship: Ultimate care and build up customers relationship by starting provide all-sided financial and insurance service. SOCIETAL OBJECTIVE Societal objective: Take care of the environment by doing more on RD, create car which are environmental friendly which are now the whole world concerning. Objective until 2020: BMW Group is the worlds leading provider of premium products. 2020 objective BMW: Reach annual sales of 2 million by 2020. 5.0 STRATEGY 5.1 CUSTOMER ANALYSIS BMW IN MALAYSIA There are three steps in the customer analysis which is fall into segmentation, target market, positioning. In the segmentation section BMW Company need to do for the psychographic segmentation, behavior segmentation, and profile characteristic to help the company to do the targeting more effective. The lifestyle and personality is group into the psychographic segmentation. Lifestyle and profile in Malaysia is depending on what are the persons occupation, and the family background. If they are professional and paid by the company very high salary or the family is rich and the parent can afford to buy the BMW car, and BMW rank as one of the top luxury carmaker. Research shows that the main market for the BMW is actually more than 65% of sales at Europe and North America, but Asian market is actually a big market. So this show that not most of the Malaysian can afford to buy the car but only some of the Malaysian that who can afford and the BMW lovers will be able to buy BMWs car. Beha vior segment are benefits sought and perceptions and beliefs. The person who able to purchase BMWs car may have successful image or very high income monthly, or they may want to have a modern, sport and luxury looks. Some of the Malaysian that who can afford to buy BMWs car are because of BMW brand superiority, performance, reliability and quality. (SlideShare, 2010). Furthermore, in Malaysia driver who can afford to drive BMW also depend on their place, in the city we can see more Malaysian driving BMW rather than rural location. It will still have but lesser if compare with city. Targeting is come after segmenting and it is very vital in the segmenting, targeting and positioning. BMW have a high competitive, the main manufacture that BMW compete with are as discussed before to name a few are Mercedes, Jaguar, Audi, Lexus, Porsche and etc. The products that other competitors manufacture produce have similar price, product, quality and image. Most of these competitors are special and valuable brands, and they use differentiated strategies to produce large ranges of cars and have same product life cycle with BMW. Each of these companies sells car with different brands image, Jaguar is seen as a luxury, reliable and quality producer that BMW also do the same thing but on the other hand Alfa Romeo is famous with their stylish and performance breed but unreliable car from the research. (SlideShare, 2010). Inside Malaysia we can see most of the gender who drive BMW still male more compare to female and the design are more suitable to boy compare to female although we can still see female driving BMW as long as they able to purchase it. In the positioning stage, we can position that in Malaysia most of the male can purchase BMW than female depend on their successfully of their occupation or image and also family background are one of the big reason. In the city of Malaysia have more people drive BMW than village and the competitive is actually not a very big affect for BMW because BMW brand have already build up for quite a long time and most of us can identify BMW logo on the road and BMW have it good reputation and high and trusted quality in Malaysia as well. So BMW operate has seen as a good and loyal consumer at the market they operate. 5.2 MARKETING MIX IN MALAYSIA The marketing mixes are 4ps (product, price, place and promotion). The most important thing in marketing mix is product. In an organization, to ensure their successful, they must first have product that can satisfy consumer desire and satisfaction like: BMW is car. As a marketing people, we need to develop a product into the brand and create single position in mind of customer. BMW present models are: BMW 3 series: sedan, coupe, convertible, touring and compact. BMW 5 series: sedan and touring BMW 6 series: coupe and convertible BMW 7 series: sedan BMW Z4 : Roadster BMW X3 : SUV BMW X5 : SUV BMW M : convertible and coupe (BMW Assignment, 2010) When each BMW product have been developed and introduce to market, we need to know a product life cycle. Any of the products are actually have a life cycle including car. So, we need to develop a car clearly know that where and when the product will be growth, mature and decline. PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE CURVE (NetMBA, 2002-2010) BMW know that the importance to making sure not all the product will at maturity level, so this might be result in the products beginning to decline which at the same time. Normally the product has a period of time to launch and take several years. When this series car going to mature level and the company will start to get something new to delivering the consumer new satisfaction. As an example: BMW company launches X5 at year 2000 and they launch new series of X5 at 2006. Next, BMW 3series, it 7 years life cycle and 7series for 7 years only for the first models life cycle was longer to 9 years. It is clear that BMW is spread over a period of time a life cycle of his 3 products. Many of the BMW cars need to manufactured, designed, and launched to ensure the car is attractive within the quality. Next, is the pricing for BMWs car in Malaysia. The pricing are from approximately RM203,800.00 to RM1,388,800.00. There are many factors that can affect the car price of car because of the engine size, motor sport version and etc. Example: the pricing strategies that have been used by BMW for the 3 series version. BMW 320d M SPORT price from 255,800.00, BMW 320i from 236,800.00, BMW 320i COUPE from 289,800.00, BMW 320i M SPORT from 248,800.00, BMW 323i from 275,800.00, BMW 325i CONVERTIBLE from 439,800.00, BMW 325i M SPORT from 309,800.00, BMW 335i COUPE M SPORT from 498,800.00. According to the research, most of the competitor like: Audi, Alfa Romeo their 3 series are also around the same price. The reasons are car industry is too big and not so important for the production cost and it is not necessary to earn a large profit. (CAR PRICE GUIDE 1995-2010), (SlideShare, 2010) The placement for BMW is also very vital. There are more than 10 dealers that we can find in Malaysia. Auto Bavaria ( Glenmarie, Johor Bahru, Kote Kinabalu, Kuantan, Kuching, Penang, Segambut, Sungai besi) , Ingress Auto, Lees Motor Auto Care, Sapura Auto, Seong Hoe Premium Motors and Tian Siang Premium Auto. The dealer which is nearer to the consumer place will be chosen and give the best services. BMW operates in more than 100 countries and with approximately 4000 plus dealers which are authorized to sell BMW new used car, parts and after sell service product are provided for all the BMW customers. (SlideShare, 2010), (BMW Malaysia, 2004). The process of BMW distribution: Manufacturer Dealers Consumers To do the promotion for BMW, on 28 October 2010 BMW have already introduce New Auto Bavaria which is the largest premium automotive dealership in the Southern Corridor of Peninsula Malaysia. By adding more dealers in Malaysia will also helping in promote BMW brand indirectly. (Sashi Ambi, BMW Malaysia, 2004) Malaysia BMW also does product planning, advertising and promotional activities. Planning campaign done to increase the sales volume. Event launches for the new models car. Below shows the advertising/campaign slogans that used by BMW: Slogans used: Positioned itself as the brand with the unique benefit of a luxury car that provides an exhilarating driving experience with advertising. The Ultimate Driving Machine. (Ezzy Get A Car, 2008-2009) Time frame: Established itself over time from its introduction in US market in 1974. Ran for 15years, overall brand-focus on prestige. (Ezzy Get A Car, 2008-2009) Next, promotion have been done also example: limited edition on 24 January 2010 are offered for the coming Chinese new years it involved (3 series and 5 series). In 2009 January 10and 11th, the open house is also invite all the peoples to join and offering attractive financing packages, cultural delights and Ang Pows worth up to RM888 (terms conditions apply) and BMW also offering interest rates from as low as 1.38% as a promote activity. Unbeatable interest rate of 1.38% from BMW Credit also offered by BMW if purchase limited BMW 5 series editions, BMW 523i Executive Edition and etc. (Ezzy Get A Car, 2008-2009) 6.0 FORECAST AND IMPLICATION IMPLICATIONS According to the BMW annual report shown that, from 2003- 2006 the net profit after minus the lost for last year is increasing. From 2005 to 2006 the net profit is increase around 28% and 2003 to 2004 are increase around16%. (BMW Group, no date). Only come to year 2007 to 2009 the company net profit is decreasing because of credit crunch issues. (Chris Reiter, 2010) But come to 2010 year assume that company margin can be increase around 10 %; and believe that after the economy straighten up 2010, their annual report for coming year 2011 and 2012 will be slightly increase from 5% to around 10% for their net profit and sales for automobile. I assume that on 2010 BMW Company sales of automobile (unit) will achieve to 1.4 million and until 2012 they hope to achieve to 1.8 million. So I assume that on 2009 to 2010 the sales (unit) automobile will increase 15% to achieve this 1.4million number and on 2011 to 2012 it will be increase around 16% to make it 1.8million for the sales (unit) of automobile. In short, will became the leader in the premium car manufacturer industry soon and create car which are more environmental friendly within 5 years. Conclusion In short, BMW is multinational companies that are considering very successful in the market. Many country have their dealer that already listed on the essay and their car are consider famous and premium concept are already key in to the whole world consumer concept. BMW car are now represent the status of a person, so they should have a very good marketing plans, strategies and new concept to compete with their strong competitor and continue to improving and make them better. In addition, with all the different PESTEL and 4ps as well that need to analysis deeply accordingly to the differences of country and so meet the local culture and local people need. Apart from that, it is very important for a company to do a proper company strategy. A company need to do a good segmenting of which segment of their products should fall into and then targeting who is their target market. Positioning come after targeting, a very good company needs to have a very good position in the target market. Following by the forecast their objective, must they clearly define what objective they need to achieve on which year (what and when). Next, work together with all the staff in the company and so the dealer to achieve it if possible. Lastly, by doing this all ways to make sure that BMW can stand last longer in the market and continue to produce quality car for the consumers in the market all around the world.

Overview of Health Behaviour Theories

Overview of Health Behaviour Theories APPENDIX HEALTH BEHAVIOUR THEORIES The biomedical perspective The biomedical perspective incorporates the biomedical theory in which patients are assumed to be passive recipients of doctors instructions. Behavioural (learning) perspective This perspective incorporates behavioural learning theory (BLT) which is focused on the environment and the teaching of skills to manage adherence. Communication perspective Communication is said to be the cornerstone of every patient-practitioner relationship [p. 56]. This perspective suggests that improved provider-client communication will enhance adherence and implies that this can be achieved through patient education and good health care worker communication skills an approach based on the notion that communication needs to be clear and comprehensible to be effective. It also places emphasis on the timing of treatment, instruction and comprehension. Cognitive perspective The cognitive perspective includes theories such as the health belief model (HBM), social-cognitive theory (SCT), the theories of reasoned action (TRA) and planned behaviour (TPB) and the protection motivation theory (PMT). These theories focus on cognitive variables as part of behaviour change, and share the assumption that attitudes and beliefs, as well as expectations of future events and outcomes, are major determinants of health related behaviour. In the face of various alternatives, these theories propose, individuals will choose the action that will lead most likely to positive outcomes. Health Belief Model The HBM views health behaviour change as based on a rational appraisal of the balance between the barriers to and benefits of action. According to this model, the perceived seriousness of, and susceptibility to, a disease influence individuals perceived threat of disease. Similarly, perceived benefits and perceived barriers influence perceptions of the effectiveness of health behaviour. In turn, demographic and socio-psychological variables influence both perceived susceptibility and perceived seriousness, and the perceived benefits and perceived barriers to action. Perceived threat is influenced by cues to action, which can be internal (e.g. symptom perception) or external (e.g. health communication). The protection-motivation theory According to this theory, behaviour change may be achieved by appealing to an individuals fears. Three components of fear arousal are postulated: the magnitude of harm of a depicted event; the probability of that events occurrence; and the efficacy of the protective response. These, it is contended, combine multiplicatively to determine the intensity of protection motivation, resulting in activity occurring as a result of a desire to protect oneself from danger. This is the only theory within the broader cognitive perspective that explicitly uses the costs and benefits of existing and recommended behaviour to predict the likelihood of change. Social-cognitive theory This theory evolved from social learning theory and may be the most comprehensive theory of behaviour change developed thus far. It posits a multifaceted causal structure in the regulation of human motivation, action and well-being and offers both predictors of adherence and guidelines for its promotion. The basic organising principle of behaviour change proposed by this theory is reciprocal determinism in which there is a continuous, dynamic interaction between the individual, the environment and behaviour. Theory of planned behaviour and the theory of reasoned action (TRA) The first work in this area was on the TRA. The TRA assumes that most socially relevant behaviours are under volitional control, and that a persons intention to perform a particular behaviour is both the immediate determinant and the single best predictor of that behaviour]. An intention to perform a behaviour is influenced by attitudes towards the action, including the individuals positive or negative beliefs and evaluations of the outcome of the behaviour. It is also influenced by subjective norms, including the perceived expectations of important others (e.g. family or work colleagues) with regard to a persons behaviour; and the motivation for a person to comply with others wishes. Behavioural intention, it is contended, then results in action. Information-motivation-behavioural skills (IMB) theory This theory was developed to promote contraceptive use and prevent HIV transmission. IMB was constructed to be conceptually based, generalisable and simple. It has since been tailored specifically to designing interventions to promote adherence to ART. Self-regulation perspectives Self-regulatory theory is the main theory in this domain. Developed to conceptualise the adherence process in a way that re-focuses on the patient, the theory proposes that it is necessary to examine individuals subjective experience of health threats to understand the way in which they adapt to these threats. According to this theory, individuals form cognitive representations of health threats (and related emotional responses) that combine new information with past experiences. Stage perspectives The transtheoretical model (TTM) This theory is most prominent among the stage perspectives. It hypothesizes a number of qualitatively different, discrete stages and processes of change, and reasons that people move through these stages, typically relapsing and revisiting earlier stages before success. This theory is said to offer an integrative perspective on the structure of intentional change [p. 1102] the perceived advantages and disadvantages of behaviour are crucial to behaviour change. Lakhan, 2006

Hamlet :: essays research papers

After Hamlet has discovered the truth about his father, he goes through a very traumatic period, which is interpreted as madness by readers and characters. With the death of his father and the hasty, incestuous remarriage of his mother to his uncle, Hamlet is thrown into a suicidal frame of mind in which "the uses of this world"seem to him "weary, stale, flat, and unprofitable." No man in his right state contemplates suicide and would take his life due to human frailty. Ophelia tells us that before the events of the play Hamlet was a model courtier, soldier and scholar, "The glass of fashion and the mould of form,/ The observed of all observers." A modern boy scout to say the least, but as the play unwinds, his actions and thoughts catch him and slowly turn him insane. Not to say that he was a crazed madman out of touch with reality as was Ophelia, but a man driven crazy by thought. Hamlet's behavior throughout the play, especially towards Ophelia is inconsistent. He jumps into Ophelia's grave, and fights with Laertes in her grave. He professes "I loved Ophelia. Forty thousand brothers/Could not, with all their quantity of love,/ Make up my sum" [Act V, scene I, lines 250-253], during the fight with Laertes in Ophelia's grave, but he tells her that he never loved her, when she returns his letters and gifts, while she was still alive. Hamlet subtly hints his awareness of his dissolving sanity as he tells Laertes that he killed Polonius in a fit of madness [Act V, scene II, lines 236- 250] Once Ophelia meets Hamlet and speaks with him her love abandons him. Hamlet realizes that his mother and step father are aware of this love and might use this to end his threat. Hamlet must end their thoughts of using Ophelia to rid him of his condition. To do this he must destroy all the current feelings Ophelia has for him and he does so very well, perhaps too well. Either his love for Ophelia was never as strong as he said, which I doubt, or he has really gone insane by assuming every situation is going to happen and he sacrifices her love for revenge. An honest man would not have done so. Hamlet has violent outbursts towards his mother. His outburst seems to be out of jealousy, as a victim to the Oedipus complex.

Their Eyes Were Watching God Essay -- Essays Papers

Their Eyes Were Watching God An Analysis So many people in modern society have lost their voices. Laryngitis is not the cause of this sad situation-- they silence themselves, and have been doing so for decades. For many, not having a voice is acceptable socially and internally, because it frees them from the responsibility of having to maintain opinions. For Janie Crawford, it was not: she finds her voice among those lost within the pages of Zora Neale Hurston’s famed novel, Their Eyes Were Watching God. This dynamic character’s natural intelligence, talent for speaking, and uncommon insights made her the perfect candidate to develop into the outspoken, individual woman she has wanted to be all along. As the novel begins, Janie walks into her former hometown quietly and bravely. She is not the same woman who left; she is not afraid of judgment or envy. Full of â€Å"self-revelation†, she begins telling her tale to her best friend, Phoeby, by looking back at her former self with the kind of wistfulness everyone expresses when they remember a time of childlike naà ¯vetà ©. She tries to express her wonderment and innocence by describing a blossoming peach tree that she loved, and in doing so also reveals her blossoming sexuality. To deter Janie from any trouble she might find herself in, she was made to marry an older man named Logan Killicks at the age of 16. In her naà ¯vetà ©, she expected to feel love eventually for this man. Instead, however, his love for her fades and she beco...

“A Very Old Man With Enormous Wings” by Gabriel García Márquez Essay

When Pelayo was coming back to his house, he found an old man face down in the mud, with a pair of enormous wings. The neighbor told them he was an angel, and must have been knocked down by the rain. In the short story, â€Å"A Very Old Man With Enormous Wings†, Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez reveals some of his ideas of human nature. He shows how pessimistic humanity can be, through an experience with a fallen angel. One portrayal found in the story was the idea of human greed and selfishness. Most people are interested in what is best for them, or how they can take advantage of something for their own good. In the story, the Pelayo and Elisenda, husband and wife, had an angel fall into their yard. At first they were going to put the angel on a raft and free him from their chicken coop prison. Instead, they decided to charge admission to see the fallen angel that they held captive in their courtyard (6). They knew that people would come from everywhere to see this spectacle, and took advantage of the situation. By keeping this angel locked up in the chicken coop, they were profiting off of his misery. The people that came complained of their many problems, and were looking for the angel to help them. They were all concerned with themselves, and their own problems, rather than the angel’s well being. This selfishness is just part of human nature. The human race will always look for the best options to benefit themselves. Humans seem to have a very short attention span. The smallest things can be amusing, and keep our attention, but generally only for a short time. The human race is always looking for the new best thing, whether it is the hippest fashions, the newest, fastest cars, or the top-of-the-line computers. In â€Å"A Very Old Man With Enormous Wings†, the people were amazed by the fact that a â€Å"flesh-and-blood angel† had fallen, and were coming from all over to see him. It was only after a period of a few weeks or so that a traveling circus came to town. In this circus, there was a woman who was supposedly turned into a spider for disobeying her parents. The crowd lost interest in the angel and swarmed to see the spider lady (10). The people were interested in this angel for only a short period of time because something more interesting came to town. The whole idea that there was a fallen angel on earth became old news. Humanity is, by nature, cruel. Again, going back to the angel and his imprisonment, it seemed as though people were upset or disappointed that the angel would not answer their questions. The whole imprisonment was cruel to begin with. At first, they even tried to feed the angel mothballs. Then, when everyone was dissatisfied with the angel merely lying around in the chicken coop, they decided to get him to move by burning his side with an iron, used for branding steers (9). For weeks they tormented this poor, hopeless angel. Mà ¡rquez, through his fiction, has shown some of his feelings on the philosophy of human nature. He feels that as a whole, is not very positive, and can be quite selfish. We tend to have a short attention span with many things, and we can also be very cruel. Human nature, as portrayed in â€Å"A Very Old Man With Enormous Wings†, is not as perfect and wonderful as many would like to believe.

Rank of Icici Stock Minds

Sheet1 RANK 1 2 3 4 PARTICIPANT NAME COLLEGE NITIN GAJANAN MALUSARE JANARDAN INSTITUTE GIRISH MAHESHKUMAR SAVLANI K S BUSINESS SCHOOL PRATEEK GOVILA BIT MESRA PUNE UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF KISHAN BHATTAD MANAGEMENT SCIENCES (PUMBA) CITY MUMBAI AHMEDABAD RANCHI PUNE PORTFOLIO 1666999. 9 1666553. 6 1666432. 5 1662356. 05 TURNOVER 16935103. 38 19998020 19946293. 4 0 % GAIN 11. 13% 5. 67% 9. 36% 0. 00% Basis highest % change in profit compared to the previous day portfolio COMMENTS REMARKS 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 JIGAR B SHAH SHANTI BUSINESS SCHOOL INDIAN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT SAGAR CHOUDHURY (IIM) ISHAN ONKAR TRIVEDI NIRMA INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT ANIL KUMAR YADAV IMS GHAZIABAD RAVINDER REDDY IIT – MADRAS (MGMT DEPT) JAY PRAKASH MEHTA KANDIVALI EDUCATION SOCIETYÂ   INDIAN INSTITIUTE OF PARV DHIMAN MANAGEMENT(IIM) LALA LAJPATRAI INSTITUTE OF DHIRAJ KUNDANMAL SONI MANAGEMENT KALPESH RAJPUT B. K.INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT CHETANA'S INSTITUTE OF ROHAN PRAVIN DHUNDUR MANAGEMENT AN D RESEARCH PRIYANKA BHIKHABHAI CHAUDHARY INSTITUTE OF PATEL TECHNOLOGY VISHWAKARMA INSTITUTE OF DINOOP HARIDAS NAIR MANAGEMENT PARLE TILAK VIDYALAYA ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE OF VIJAY DALCHAND SOLANKI MANAGEMENT(PTVAIMS) AHMEDABAD ROHTAK AHMEDABAD DELHI CHENNAI MUMBAI KOLKATA MUMBAI AHMEDABAD MUMBAI GANDHINAGAR PUNE 1633101. 34 1630987. 35 1624240. 56 1607499. 08 1603541. 45 1592069. 45 1587710. 2 1583445. 77 1577859. 05 1571068. 17 1569750 1569228. 22 0877028. 01 19601921. 9 18727524. 25 19529775. 94 13647528. 25 17734802. 6 17597289. 8 13905246. 26 8914119. 7 10081802. 57 880898 18632832. 41 11. 75% Mobile Winner – 14. 03. 13 4. 13% 8. 37% -2. 13% 3. 39% 2. 62% 4. 80% 5. 41% 3. 26% 4. 74% 4. 72% 5. 41% 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 MUMBAI 1568526. 09 1558883. 62 1551591. 65 1551477. 36 1548478. 45 1544469. 5 1542588. 9 1540635. 82 1538577. 6 1536670. 52 1536123. 59 1533144. 14 1531809. 2 9199916 19665170. 27 19578787. 6 9171863. 97 10972784 16540805. 5 3318021. 6955868 . 33 3697253. 9 10295002. 38 18981106. 07 17478175. 1 13408401. 9 5. 97% 2. 78% 2. 33% 3. 31% 1. 95% 2. 96% 3. 11% 3. 28% 4. 15% 2. 62% 1. 97% 1. 98% 2. 12% JAY VITTHALBHAI SANGANI MARVADI INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT RAJKOT SOM LALIT INSTITUTE OF KUSHAL AMIT PARIKH AHMEDABAD MANAGEMENT BIJAL BHARATH SELARKA SRM SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT CHENNAI DHAVAL RAJENDRA DESAI MUMBAI EDUCATIONAL TRUST (MET) MUMBAI PARIN MARU MUMBAI KJ SOMAYA KETAN POPATBHAI S K PATEL INSTITUTE OF DHAMELIYA MANAGEMENT GANDHINAGAR RONAK JAYSUKH SODHA N.L. DALMIYA COLLEGE MUMBAI VISHWA VISHWANI SCHOOL OF PREM KUMAR HYDERABAD BUSINESS PRARTHANA CHANDAR UNITED WORLD SCHOOL OF AMIN BUSINESS MUMBAI SYMBIOSIS COLLEGE OF ARTS & GEORGE PARAPUZHA JOB COMMERCE PUNE LALSINGH SANGRAMSINGH S. B PATIL INSTITUTE OF RAJPUT PUNE MANAGEMENT SUDEEPTA SARMA IILM INSTITUTE FOR HIGHER BORUAH DELHI EDUCATION (IILM ) INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT AND RESEARCH (IMDR) AGNEL CHARITIES AGNEL SEVA SANGHA'S FR. C. RODRIGUES INST. OF MANAGEMENT. STUDIES RUSTOMEJEE BUSINESS SCHOOL DAYANANDA SAGAR ACEDEMY OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT MUMBAI INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH GURU NANAK INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES (GNIMS) INDIAN INSTITUTE OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT (IIKM) AMITY GLOBAL BUSINESS SCHOOL ACCURATE BUSINESS SCHOOL ATHARVA SCHOOL OF BUSINESS NSTITUTEÂ   OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT- INSTITUTE OF FINANCIAL MARKETS (ITM-IFM) RAWAL INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & MANAGEMENT KIRLOSKAR INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED MANAGEMENT STUDIES CITY COLLEGE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY PARUL INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT INDIAN INSTITIUT OF MANAGEMENT(IIM) MEENAKSHI SUNDARAJAN SCHOOL OF MGMT JAIPURIA INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES H. K.INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT, STUDIES& RESEARCH, JOGESHWARI CHRIST COLLEGE 30 DIVYA RANI SINGH PUNE 1530024. 8 1504035. 81 1. 22% 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 NIKHITA VINAY RANE BHAUMIK KIRTIKUMAR MEHTA SANTOSH KUMAR ANAND PRAKASH YADAV HARMEET HARBINDER ALAG PRAVEEN GANESAN SASANK BANDARUPALLI MD MOHSIN KHAN SNEHAL SHIVA JI SHINDE MUMBAI MUMBAI BANGALORE MUMBAI MUMBAI CHENNAI HYDERABAD DELHI MUMBAI 1529786. 95 1528691. 21 1526535. 5 1526029. 7 1525450 1523362. 3 1522990. 93 1522771. 22 1522282. 7 1514444. 46 0 948645. 9 1174189. 5 0 19633466. 4 7175048. 23 15763374. 15 11326878. 5 1. 99% 0. 00% 1. 83% 2. 37% 2. 29% 1. 56% 1. 53% 0. 94% 0. 54% 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57SAURAV SHARMA PARVEEN GARG ARPAN KUMAR DAS MADHU SUDAN MC SURENDRA BABU GADWALA DIPAK RASIKBHAI KATHROTIYA SHIVANK GOEL DEVIKA RAJU ASHISH RANA BHAVESH HARISH AGARWAL SASWATA GHOSH RAVIPRAKASH RAMSNEHI PRASAD MILAN A THAKKAR NAVEEN KUMAR BHATNAGAR GOVIND PRATAP SINGH MERTIYA BONY KURIAN PUNNOOSE ANSHUL BANSAL ABHISHEK GOYAL SHAIKH MOHD RAMEEZ MUKHTAR KUSHALAPPA B K JABEZ E DANIEL HARDIC VORA VAISAKH E J MUMBAI DELHI PUNE BANGALORE KANPUR BARODA SHILLONG CHENNAI DELHI MUMBAI BANGALORE 1520505. 07 1517381. 9 1516829. 38 1516420. 05 1516038. 59 1515656. 75 1515339. 65 1515279. 58 1515096. 5 1513370. 8 1513242 15 13070. 33 1512952. 06 1512904. 4 1512802. 4 1512655. 28 1512567. 22 1512270 1635277. 67 2360833. 43 3211287. 58 2450275. 45 2141875. 73 17414304. 45 0 2676943. 84 0 13356288. 94 99393 6559817. 75 18790067. 43 0 0 9150470. 72 17570914 0 1. 77% 0. 97% 1. 12% 1. 09% 1. 15% 0. 57% 0. 34% 0. 95% 1. 94% 0. 64% 0. 76% 0. 91% -8. 71% 2. 66% 1. 22% 1. 67% 1. 03% 2. 11%IIPM AHMEDABAD PUNE AMITY GLOBAL BUSINESS SCHOOL INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES DEHRADUN (IMS) JK BUSINESS SCHOOL AMITY GLOBAL BUSINESS SCHOOL IIMB MAHARISHI ARVIND INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT JSPM'S ABACUS INSTITUTE OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT BNMIT BISHOP HEBER COLLEGE IEIBS AKADEMIA REGIONAL INSTITUTE OF COOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT MAHARASHTRA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGIES-SCHOOL OF TELECOM (MIT SOT) GLOBSYN TECHNOLOGIES LTD JAYWANTRAO SAWANT INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT RESEARCH SKYLINE BUSINESS SCHOOL CAMP EDUCATION SOCIETY (INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT) ATMIYA INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT INDIAN INSTITUTE OF PLANNING & MANAGMENT (IIPM, CHATTARPUR) INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT EXCELLENCE DELHI CHENNAI BANGALORE JAIPUR 58 59 60 61 62 PUNE BANGALORE TRICHY MUMBAI BANGALORE 1512104. 65 1511085 1509935 1509755. 86 1509406. 55 0 0 0 2709639. 3 0 1. 10% 0. 91% 0. 99% 2. 31% 1. 00% 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70CHANCHAL KANSAL SUBHASIS SAHA PUNAM ANNASO BANDAL SONU SINGHAL RAJESH MAHADEV ANDIRAO PARESH ISHVAR BHAI MITHANI SAMRAT THATIKONDA TWARIT S TARPARA PUNE KOLKATA PUNE DELHI PUNE RAJKOT DELHI BANGALORE 1509405. 94 1509016. 5 1508847 1508597. 32 1508523 1507986. 75 1507803. 6 1507612 1000214. 4 0 0 4107663. 24 0 0 2278392. 99 119175 1. 35% 1. 33% 0. 71% 0. 57% 1. 07% 0. 43% 0. 93% 0. 85% Page 1 Sheet1 71 72 73 74 75 76 POOJA BALU VETAL RAJESH KUMAR PARAG M LATHIYA ASHUTOSH SINGH ARJUN M MAYANK SINHA ST. MIRA'S COLLEGE FOR GIRLS SCHOOL OF COMMUNICATION & MANAGEMENT STUDIES (SCMS) LDRP BENGAL INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS STUDIES(BIBS) ST. JOSEPH'S INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AMITY UNIVERSITY B. P.PODDAR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEME NT AND TECHNOLOGY (BPPIMT) CMS BUSINESS SCHOOL INDIRA INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT FUTURE BUSINESS SCHOOL GREAT LAKES INSTITUTE OF MGMT PUNE KOCHI GANDHINAGAR KOLKATA TRICHY GURGAON 1507374. 25 1507298. 7 1507284. 66 1506689. 12 1506507 1506000 632126. 6 811641 4166933. 75 137269. 44 1051965 334500 0. 49% 0. 49% 0. 78% 0. 65% 0. 49% 0. 52% 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 SANJANA SEN RAHUL NICHANAMETTLA PRATHAMESH DHARMIK MANDALE POOJA SETHI SANTHOSH KUMAR S SUDHANSHU KESHAV MOURYA ANURAG GUPTA RAM MILAN KANNUJIA KOLKATA BANGALORE MUMBAI KOLKATA CHENNAI MUMBAI JALANDHAR DELHI KOLKATA PUNE KOLHAPUR AHMEDABAD KOLKATA DELHI PUNE JALANDHAR TRICHY AHMEDABAD VISNAGAR JAIPUR 1505896. 5 1505846. 1505772 1505472. 76 1505448. 66 1505371 1505182. 5 1505154. 7 1504923. 27 1504847 1504450. 94 1504090. 2 1503889. 46 1502875 1502740. 5 1502332 1502277 1502240. 76 1501853. 5 1501507. 86 1501469. 41 1501321 1501252. 75 1501160 1501127. 4 1501077. 05 1500834. 35 1500709. 1 1500515 0 510517. 1 0 243199 16911647. 35 0 0 0 0 1478127. 6 0 16151721. 7 498939. 5 0 714160 450073. 2 0 17700875. 4 0 448070. 76 1047920. 95 0 51487. 28 418670 1032958. 65 0 0 415179. 6 0 0. 33% 0. 33% 0. 61% 0. 57% 0. 23% 0. 52% 1. 33% 0. 60% 0. 54% 0. 12% 0. 00% 0. 87% 0. 81% 0. 48% 0. 15% 0. 08% 0. 13% 1. 41% 0. 64% 0. 10% 1. 34% 0. 12% 0. 12% 0. 08% -0. 08% 0. 38% 0. 03% 0. 08% 0. 03%SHRI VISHVESARIYA IMS LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY GAUTAM BUDDHA UNIVERSITY INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SUKANTA SAHA BUSINESS STUDIES (IIBS) SADHU VASVANI INSTITUTE OF BHUMIKA NIRMAL SONI MANAGEMENT (SVIMS) SANJAY GHODAWAT INSTITUTE SOURABH INANI (SEMINAR II) VARSHIT BIPINBHAI DOSHI NRIMB AMINUR RAHAMAN GAZI NSHM BUSINESS SCHOOL(NBS) ASIA PACIFIC INSTITUTE OF RENU YADAV MANAGEMENT NASIRUDDIN FAKRUDDIN DR. D. Y. PATIL INSTITUTE OF SHAIKH ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY APEEJAY INSTITUTE OF ANU THANGRIA MANAGEMENT TECHNICAL CAMPUS MAREDDY INDIAN INSTITIUT OF MARKANDEYU LU MANAGEMENT(IIM) INDIAN INSTITIUT OF SIDDHARTH M MANAGEMENT(IIM) NARESH DAHYABHAI VISNAGAR INSTITUTE OF PRAJAPATI MANAGEMENT MEGHA AGARWAL BANASTHALI VIDYAPITH CAMPUSJAY PRAKASH CHAUDHARY OXFORD COLLEGE OF MANAGEMENT BANGALORE LOKESH DURGESH GHOSAL ITM DOMBIVLI MUMBAI SRN ADARSH COLLEGE OF ASHISH KUMAR MISHRA BANGALORE MANAGEMENT ASHWINI DEVARAJAM SANKA MUMBAI VIVA COLLEGE OF MANAGEMENT INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT AMANDEEP SINGH MAINI DELHI INSTITUTE(IMI) RAJ KUMAR GOYAL INSTITUTE FOR ABHISHEK RAI DELHI TECHNOLOGY (RKGIT) VISHAL JALHOTRA DEHRADUN GRAPHIC ERAÂ   UNIVERSITY MONICA SATISH SHARMA ICL COMMERCE COLLEGE VASHI MUMBAI NANDALAL M SIVADAS AMRITA COLLEGE OF MANAGEMENT BANGALORE BABU BANARASI DAS NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT VIDYALANKAR INSTITUTE OF SUSHMA VIJAY GHADGE MANAGEMENT LALIT SONI ST.KABIR INSTITUTE MANAGEMENT NITU SINHA MERI INSTITUTE MONICA ALLURI NSB KENGUA ASHUTOSH ICFAI BUSINESS SCHOO L(IBS) DILIP MADHUBHAI CENTRE FOR MANAGEMENT STUDIES PRAJAPATI (CMS) SUJITH S KURUP RAI BUSINESS SCHOOL INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS PIYUSH DILIP KHESE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH (IBMR) TUSHAR GULATI ICFAI BUSINESS SCHOO L(IBS) JAYDEEP PRATAPRAI INDIAN EDUCATION SOCIETY RATHOD INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT(IESIMS) INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL OF AVIJIT SAHA BUSINESS JAGANATH SUBRAMANIAN HYDERABAD BUSINESS SCHOOL SOUMYA SUKHMAY NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CHATTERJEE COOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT (NICM) KALPESH KAILASH SHARMA MDI PRIYANT RAMESHBHAI LADANI OXFORD COLLEGE OF MANAGEMENT YASH YOGESHBHAI SHAH K S BUSINESS SCHOOL 2 DR. GAUR HARI SINGHANIA INSTITUTE PUSHPINDER SINGH PURI OF MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH INDIAN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT SASIKANTH BAPATLA (IIM) ABHISHEK MADASSERY FEDERAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & ASHOK TECHNOLOGY(FISAT) RIZVI INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT KARAN KIRTI DOSHI STUDIES R. A.PODAR INSTITUTE OF AKSHIT BAJ MANAGEMENT ACHARYA'S BANGALORE BUSINESS SURI SAI SRIKANTH SCHOOL INDIAN INSTITUTE OF PLANNING AND VIREN PARMAR MANAGEMENT(IIPM) SREE NARAYAN GURUKULAM SHAHANAS PA COL LEGE OF ENGINEERING FABEESH MOHAMED IIPM, KOCHI G SANDEEP GANDHIKOTA BUSINESS SCHOOL DEEPAK HEDDA GARDEN CITY COLLEGE KOLHAPUR INSTITUTE OF VENUGOPAL LALIT DAVDA TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS AND SAISMITA DALAI COMPUTER STUDIES(IBCS ) SOUMITRA KUMAR INDIAN INSTITUTE OF PLANNING & MANDAL MANAGEMENT(IIPM) DIPTI DINESH NADKARNI IEIBS AKADEMIA BLESSINA JEBARAJ JEPPIAR ENGINEER COLLEGE SYMBIOSIS INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS STUTI BANSAL MANAGEMENT (SIBM) INDIAN INSTITUTE OF PLANNING & P SUNIL KUMAR MANAGEMENT(IIPM) JAYAMUKHI INSTITUTE OF GOUTHAM BIJJALA TECHNOLOGICAL SCIENCES DEBASISH BAJ ITM BUSINESS SCHOOL ORIENTAL INSTITUTE OF ANIRUDH MAHESH SANGHI MANAGEMENT VIVEK AGARWALA LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY VELS INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS DASARATHY GANESAN ADMINISTRATION GANESH R NIT DEEPMALA YADAV 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 LUCKNOW MUMBAI AHMEDABAD DELHI BANGAL ORE KOLKATA AHMEDABAD CHENNAI PUNE HYDERABAD MUMBAI KOLKATA HYDERABAD AHMEDABAD DELHI BANGALORE AHMEDABAD KANPUR KOZHIKODE KOCHI MUMBAI JAIPUR BANGALORE PUNE KOCHI KOCHI HYDERABAD BANGALORE KOLHAPUR BHUBANESHWAR BHUBANESHWAR MUMBAI CHENNAI PUNE HYDERABAD WARANGAL WARANGAL MUMBAI JALANDHAR CHENNAI TRICHY 1500416. 1500306. 63 1500152. 85 1500148 1500000 1500000 1500000 1500000 1500000 1500000 1500000 1500000 1500000 1500000 1500000 1500000 1500000 1500000 1500000 1500000 1500000 1500000 1500000 1500000 1500000 1500000 1500000 1500000 1500000 1500000 1500000 1500000 1500000 1500000 1500000 1500000 1500000 1500000 1500000 1500000 1500000 Page 2 0 4957494. 14 461163. 8 1164534 0. 04% 0. 75% 0. 01% 0. 59% 0. 00% 0. 00% 0. 00% 0. 00% 0. 00% 0. 00% 0. 00% 0. 00% 0. 00% 0. 00% 0. 00% 0. 00% 0. 00% 0. 00% 0. 00% 0. 00% 0. 00% 0. 00% 0. 00% 0. 00% 0. 00% 0. 00% 0. 00% 0. 00% 0. 00% 0. 00% 0. 00% 0. 00% 0. 00% 0. 00% 0. 00% 0. 00% 0. 00% 0. 00% 0. 00% 0. 00% 0. 00%Sheet1 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 PREEYAM HIMANSHU TOLIA GOURAV TYAGI INDRAJEET SARKAR MEVISH PANCHAL PIYUSH MANOJ MODHSARAF CHANDNI JITENDRABHAI ZAVERI ABHYUDAY SINGH CHAUHAN FAIZAN KHAN KARTHIK HARIHARAN PRADEEP V SATENDER SINGH RAWAT PRAMOD AGRAWAL HARSH RANJAN ANIRBAN TARUN HAZRA KUNWAR VIKRAM SINGH BHAVIK JAGDISHBHAI BHAVSAR RAHUL VIJAYAKUMAR PRATIK MAHENDRA MANANI BHAGYASHREE SURESH PATIL SAINATH NIVLAKAR VISHAL SINGH JOHNSON BANDI ANKIT ANAND SHUBHAM JAIN ANUBHAV SINGH PADALIYA DHAVAL DEEPCHAND RADHYASHYAM GUPTA AMRITA MAZUMDAR YOGESH HARSHADBHAI PATEL SUJIT P ANUTOSH KUMAR AJEET PRATAP KHANDE NIKET CHANDAK SATYAJIT MAHAPATRO MANJUNATH RA SHREY ARORA GAURAV KAMBLE JOYDEEP DEY PANKAJ RAMESH RAI SURAJ SANJAY TAMHANE RADHE NARAYANDAS RATHI PRANAY VIJETA MUKESHKUMAR GUPTA KISHANKUMAR CHAUDHARY RAJENDER AGGARWAL SAMBHAV GUPTA RA JIV TARASHANKAR MAURYA PATHIK ASHOK DOSHI SACHIN DADABHAU ARGADE NIKUNJKUMAR BIPINCHANDRA GOR ARVIND SINGH NABA KUMAR MEDHI AFSAR TANWEER VIVA COLLEGE OF ARTS,COMMERCE AND SCIENCE ITS GHAZIABAD INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & MANAGEMENT BHARTIVIDYAPEETH COLLEGE OF MANAGEMENT ALKESH DINESH MODI IMS MUMBAI GHAZIABAD KOLKATA MUMBAI MUMBAI 1500000 1500000 1500000 1500000 1500000 1500000 1500000 1500000 1500000 1500000 1500000 1500000 1499980. 58 1499898. 8 1499840. 31 1499298. 49 1499240 1498978. 6 1498975. 44 1498765. 1 1498463. 91 1498376. 77 1497879. 7 1497736 1497537. 85 1497026. 1 1496824. 5 1496650 1496525. 13 1496018. 95 1495073. 73 1493679. 6 1491854. 05 1490459 1489680 1487377. 61 1485605. 25 1484849 1483542. 5 1481977. 63 1480659. 65 1480337. 56 1480059. 8 1478627. 88 1478035. 91 1477020. 08 1476154. 24 1475551. 17 1474566. 66 1458569. 63 1455800 1450658. 24 1444595 0. 00% 0. 00% 0. 00% 0. 00% 0. 00% 0. 00% 0. 00% 0. 00% 0. 00% 0. 00% 0. 00% 0. 00% 0. 00% 0. 48% -0. 01% 0. 13% -0. 05% 1. 24% 0. 00% 0. 18% 0. 08% -0. 11% 0. 54% 0. 54% 0. 68% 0. 00% 0. 50% -0. 23% 0. 73% -0. 27% 0. 16% 0. 7% -0. 04% -0. 35% 0. 13% 0. 88% -0. 38% 0. 14% 0. 12% 0. 77% -2. 62% -1. 70% 0. 95% 0. 69% 0. 23% 2. 83% -0. 67% -4. 74% -0. 41% 1. 31% -2. 50% -3. 29% -3. 72% RAJKOT R K UNIVERSITY DHARMSINGH DESAI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT(DDIT) NADIAD NARSEEMONJI INSTITUTE OF MUMBAI MANAGEMENT STUDIES (NMIMS) INDIAN INSTITIUT OF INDORE MANAGEMENT(IIM ) VELLORE INSTITUTE OF CHENNAI MANAGEMENT (VIT) GLA UNIVERSITY II MATHURA GLA UNIVERSITY I MATHURA JAIPUR GYANVIHAR INSTITUTE DY PATIL INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT MUMBAI BELAPUR SWAMI VIVEKANAND INSTITUTE OF MUMBAI MANAGEMENT STUDIES CHIMANBHAI INSTITUTE OF AHMEDABAD MANAGEMENT CRESENT BUSINESS SCHOOL (B. 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G D POL FOUNDATION YMT COLLEGE OF MANAGEMENT FLAME BUSINESS SCHOOL MUMBAI KOLHAPUR AHMEDABAD JAIPUR WARANGALBHUBANESHWAR JAIPUR DELHI DELHI MUMBAI KOLKATA AHMEDABAD BHUBANESHWAR DELHI DELHI PUNE DELHI BANGALORE JAIPUR MUMBAI DURGAPUR AHMEDABAD MUMBAI PUNE DELHI MUMBAI KADI DELHI AHMEDABAD MUMBAI PUNE 14 0773. 02 0 469778. 52 5920537. 72 278734. 9 1516500 0 1806549. 85 603598. 3 3727765. 43 9780 0 1359144. 05 0 427764 0 4693020. 75 4546906. 55 293725 148376. 1 2361056. 9 0 0 6257722. 15 0 0 664855. 8 24198 15104297. 55 14073842. 49 6103274. 4 10377288. 23 14504753. 51 7697288. 85 1796680. 35 19766905. 12 1469829. 15 6301258. 4 0 1486542. 2 15548000 MODERN COLLEGE PUNE NARSEEMONJI INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES HYDERABAD LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY JALANDHAR INDIAN INSTITUTE OF FOREIGN TRADE KOLKATA – IIFT XISS- XAVIER INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RANCHI SMT.HIRABEN NANAVATI INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH FOR WOMEN AMRITA SCHOOL OF BUSINESS SANKLP BZ COLLEGE INDIAN INSTITIUT OF MANAGEMENT(IIM) JAGANNATH INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES (JIMS) VIVA COLLEGE OF MANAGEMENT JAMNALAL BAJAJ INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES RAJAGIRI SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT ST FRANCIS INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT MODERN INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT JAIPUR ENGINEERING COLLEGE & RESEARCH CENTRE (JECRC) SYDENHAM INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 NEHA ANIL SONAWANE ASHIS KUMAR NAYAK ANKUR HANUMANDASJI LOYA RAMAKRISHNA REDDY PV ASHISH VATS NILESH KALOJI PATIL CHAITANYA GANDHI ASHISH M THOMAS SAVIO IGNATIUS PEREIRA PUNE COIMBATORE PUNE BANGALORE DELHI MUMBAI MUMBAI KOCHI MUMBAI 1443019. 28 1438403. 49 1421968. 3 1403592. 6 1387933. 23 1382846. 1 1347535. 19 1315017. 23 1232887. 18 7221815. 06 6706791. 4 7983803. 6 15200000 17918166. 91 15326224 18887715. 9 14959391. 89 18177223. 5 -3. 67% -3. 27% -1. 88% -3. 44% -9. 27% -11. 30% -13. 48% -13. 75% -12. 7% Disqualified as Turnover exceeded 2 crore on 13-Mar2013 Disqualified as Turnover exceeded 2 crore on 13-Mar2013 Disqualified as Turnover exceeded 2 crore on 13-Mar2013 Disqualified as Turnover exceeded 2 crore on 14-Mar2013 Disqualified as Turnover exceeded 2 crore on 13-Mar2013 Disqualified as Turnover exceeded 2 crore on 13-Mar2013 Disqualified as Turnover exceeded 2 crore on 14-Mar2013 Disqualified NEHAL MEHUL DOSHI PUNE 2158899. 67 681523032. 99 30. 27% Disqualified INDU RAJ SHARMA JAIPUR 1746172. 62 136730223. 38 3. 01% Disqualified PARIN JAYESH JAIN MUMBAI 1689359. 21 29836586. 33 5. 38% Disqualified MRINAL AGRAWAL ICFAI BUSINESS SCHOOL GURGAON 1652256. 13 1019418. 73 9. 76% Disqualified DIPEN GIRISHBHAI DESAI SJPIM AHMEDABAD 1638720. 53 38609002. 49 5. 92% Disqualified KRATIKA KAPOOR BANASTHALI VIDYAPITH CAMPUS BANASTHALI 1602585. 74 174113219. 86 4. 03% Disqualified AKASH SINGHAL IILM DELHI DELHI 1595289. 76 Page 3 20201491. 1 0. 81% Sheet1 LAL BAHADUR SHASTRI INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT DELHI Disqualified as Turnover exceeded 2 crore on 14-Mar2013 Disqualified as Turnover exceeded 2 crore on 13-Mar2013 Disqualified as Turnover exceeded 2 crore on 13-Mar2013 Disqualified as Turnover exceeded 2 crore on 13-Mar2013 Disqualified as Turnover exceeded 2 crore on 13-Mar2013 Disqualified as Turnover exceeded 2 rore on 13-Mar2013 Disqualified as Turnover exceeded 2 crore on 14-Mar20 13 Disqualified as Turnover exceeded 2 crore on 13-Mar2013 Disqualified as Turnover exceeded 2 crore on 13-Mar2013 Disqualified as Turnover exceeded 2 crore on 13-Mar2013 Disqualified as Turnover exceeded 2 crore on 13-Mar2013 Disqualified SURBHI BEGWANI 1579115. 33 20629835. 15 2. 46% Disqualified HIMANSHU SHEKHAR BIT MESRA KOLKATA 1548771. 65 85329123. 21 -3. 35% Disqualified SANDEEP KUMAR INDIAN INSTITUTE OF FOREIGN TRADE DELHI (IIFT) 1513222. 8 44599450. 3 8. 38% Disqualified RAHUL SHYAMKUMAR JAIN ICFAI BUSINESS SCHOOL PUNE 1508190. 05 61504026. 95 -6. 39% Disqualified ARUN K IIT – MADRAS ENGG. DEPTCHENNAI 1501859. 94 57156690. 7 -2. 77% Disqualified DEEPANKAR KSHITIZ EMPI BUSINESS SCHOOL NALANDA INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED STUDIES DELHI 1497135. 03 69303860. 97 -2. 90% Disqualified SHEIKH HOSSAIN KOLKATA 1477135. 35 24163113. 25 -1. 52% Disqualified KUNTAL DEVESH DAVE SAL INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AHMEDABAD 1447490 29854052. 5 -6. 76% Disqualified GOBIN RANA SONA COLLEGE OF MANA GMENT INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT & TECHNOLOGY(IMT) SALEM 1444626. 85 37832292. 25 -1. 46% Disqualified TUSHAR SHARMA MANMOHAN SINGH SIKARWAR GHAZIABAD 1380792. 05 40439282. 21 -3. 78% Disqualified ICFAI BUSINESS SCHOO L(IBS) AHMEDABAD 1064207. 96 111815542. 74 -21. 15% Page 4

Precise Software Case Analysis

PRECISE SOFTWARE CASE ANALYSIS Problem: When and how to introduce an end-to-end new product to the market? Issues: 1. Should we (Precise) introduce a new product in Open World conference 2000? What could be the impact if we delay to offer an end-to-end solution in the performance management space? 2. What is the best selling strategy for the new product? 3. What is the best pricing strategy for the new product? 4. Should we maintain a single sale force or separate sale force dedicated to the new product? What kind of commissions and how much authority should we set up for the sales force regarding to the new product? 5.How can we deliver the value of the new product to meet our customer expectation and solve our customer problems? 6. How to grow and compete in order to be a leader in the market on a much broader level? Industry/Market Analysis: Database management software referred as performance management market where efficiency and effectiveness are really important. There are a l ot of opportunities due to the need of IT system from the companies. Nearly every company in the industrialized world spent a significant amount of money every year on software purchases ranged from $99 to $10million. The software market estimated to be $4. billion in 2003 compare with $2. 4billion in 1999. However, the market was fragmented. Products were differentiated principally in two ways. On one hand, products differed widely in terms of underlying resources and platforms with they are associated. On the other hand, available products also differed in terms of the functionality they offered. There are few major competitors in this market and the industry need high intensive labor cost. It usually takes long time to develop new product in this industry. Effective advanced technology and product, which can solve the problem for the companies, are very important to success in the industry.Time is another important key to determine whether business will success or fail. Companies in this industry should improve their technology quickly to catch up the ever-changing information technology trend as well as dig the problems of the companies to present the right problem-solve products. One of the largest segments of the market was for software to manage the performance of Oracle databases. A true end-to-end market seemed to be quite large and there was no current direct competition because none of the companies offered an end-to-end solution yet. Consumer Analysis:Database administrators (DBA) are the main targets for Precise. The former usually are well trained thus capable of recognizing the products value. Many DBA’s were authorized to purchase a product range under $25,000. Precise looked for companies had sales of at least 100million and had a business model that required database-intensive applications. DBA need to report to the CIO and need to improve the job performance in order to make performance application efficiently as well as satisfy the b usiness unit head. They are usually budget-limited when they purchase the product.IT Reliability and effectiveness are the other main factors to concern for users. Regarding to the end-to-end management tool service, business firms using enterprise-wide applications have a desired demand. They require the enterprise applications such as ERP and CRM, which were 10million and above. The applications were distributed across many locations and highly data intensive. Firms depended critically on the ability to deliver information quickly, will be the main targets for the new end-to-end product. Competitor Analysis: The three biggest competitors in the software market were Oracle, BMC Software, and Quest Software.Oracle is provides â€Å"Oracle Optimizer† as a part of its basic database package helped to execute SQL statement it received in the most efficient fashion and also offer an add-on package to help measure efficiency. BMC Software has a large range of products. Its revenue grew rapidly since 1998 and Patrol Product line, which target on performance management and availability market, provided timely and accurate data. Quest Software offered around 25 different products, with some of the functions offering products relevant to Precise. Marketing Mix Analysis: A) Product Analysis:Precise offered the software that helped its clients to manage the performance of their information technology (IT) systems. Precise is in the performance management and availability market. Its products are designed to manage the performance applications utilizing Oracle database. The company had focus on a small range of core products but provided users high quality that promised. Precise offered the software license and services. The main products were insight products, SQL and Presto. Precise/SQL accounted for 86% of all Precise’s software licensing fees.The company has strong trained account reps with very strong relationships with key clients. End-to-end response time is extremely important to ensure the system ran efficiently and effectively. All of the available products focused on the performance of each of the components of the system. The sales cycle is 6 to 12 months on average. Precise realized from the feedback of its consumers that they should provide right solutions to its clients rather than the products. However, a full-functionality end-to-end performance tool needs a long time to be developed.It’s going to take six and nine months to get a basic product with purely monitoring only. The fully functional product will accomplish in 2 years. B) Price Analysis: It has one-time license fee with annual maintains and service contracts, priced 15%-20% of the one-time licensing fee. Average price of Precise /SQL had been between $15,000 and $25,000. Precise often offered discounts around 25% which allowed sales force to sell the product easier as well as DBAs can make their decision easily to purchase without approve by the CIO. I n addition, price can be varied greatly depending on the customers and other factors.They charged more for higher-powered computing environments, which means the price is based on the value that the customers receive from the performance management. C) Distribution Analysis: There are three common channels for distributing commercial software applications such as direct sales, value-added resellers (VCRs), and systems integrators. VCRs and systems integrators earned a margin of about 30-35% on the software sales. And original equipment manufacture (OEM) agreement is popular in smaller niche areas. Precise sells its products through a duel-channel distribution system.Internationally, the company sells through both VARs and system integrators in most countries. 17 account executives are hired to do direct sell and also sell through distributors in most countries, and each is paid a salary of $75,000 and a 5%-9% rate high commission. The average sale of each rep is $800,000 annually an d earned $300,000 for the highest. Therefore, the operating expenses are extremely high (sales and marketing is 35% of the total operating expense) and made the operating loss since 1996. About 55% of its revenue comes from the direct channel and 45% come from the resellers.Precise had a client list of about 400 companies and each sale rep was well trained to sell the products. D) Promotion/ Advertising Analysis: Reps in Precise are the main factor in selling the products. Precise purchase industry lists with the names and phone numbers of key contacts in the target firms and give it to reps. Reps can call the main clients and meet them and try to keep a good relationship with the people who make decisions. Reps are high motivated and professional to sell the products because of related training and high commission strategy.They have an effective sales tool that reps can offer to put the product on the potential buyer client’s system to demonstrate what the product would do. In addition, Precise conducted a survey of ten Precise/SQL clients drawn from a range of different business to find main benefits of their products and able to generate an expected ROI for the purchase. Options: A) To launch a new product in 2000 ROI Analysis Pros: – To be the first one get into the end-to-end market and to be able to announce the new product in the conference with many motivated and qualified prospects gathered in the room at one time. Precise will become a much broader level brand. – Gain more revenue at the beginning with no competition so far in the market. Cons: – New products will attract competitors to get in the market. – There is not enough time for reps to be trained properly to sell the products. – If the new product cannot satisfy the clients, it will destroy the brand image as well as make competitors catch up and run over the Precise. – The new product can only be â€Å"generally available† at this time. There will be much more problem and risks.B) To launch after fully-functional Pros: – Have much more possibility to satisfy customers with fully functional product in term of effectively and efficiency – Its reps will be fully trained to get ready to contribute in selling the new products – If consumers satisfied with the products, Precise will be a leader in the market and increase its profits in the long-term. Cons: – Competitors may launch a similar new product in this market before Precise. – A small range of the products may slow down Precise to be a real broader level brand